The concept of urban development - The project "Road-Town" Print E-mail
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Written by Юрий Ружинский   
Wednesday, 02 April 2008
The text of the original in Russian 

The concept of industrialization, urban development 
(project «road-city»). 

As human development increasing its proportion of the population moved from the farm (s / x) in urban areas. This global trend is a very good example for developing countries (notably India, China and some countries in Africa and Latin America). In the future, the vast majority of residents will live in cities, because Only such an organization of life of people able to provide their minimum needs (housing, work, education, transport, food, etc.) with very limited material resources. 
Only major optimization of all the vital needs of the people (reducing resource and energy consumption while maintaining a minimum optimum comfort living) would allow the growing population of more or less a decent standard of living. Many familiar elements of contemporary life (eg, personal cars) will be in the future, a luxury in the material (metal, plastic, rubber, glass) and energy (production, consumption of hydrocarbons) plan. 
Quite a rapid increase in population will lead to the need for early development of previously uninhabited and «unsuitable» Territories of the mass migration of multi-population with all of these difficulties. And full relocation means by a housing, roads, manufacturing and service facilities (ie the whole, urban entity, infrastructure). 
Naturally, the traditional (classical) construction of urban objects of any size we are faced with enormous difficulties related primarily to material cost, which is not fully осилит no budget. 
Therefore, the question of non-conventional (intensive) methods of urban industrialization. 
First of all - it is a complete rejection of the slightest excesses that characterize our time, the alignment of general living standards and consumption to a single (albeit minimal, but quite comfortable) standard, the maximum possible approximation of place of residence to the place of work, study, service in order to minimize all the traffic flows use of modern energy-and materials technology in the construction, creation of a new type of mass housing; optimization of all life processes (ranging from meals to the modernization of family relations). 

The concept of the industrialization of urban planning based on the symbiosis of two elements - the way (as part of the transport unit), and, indeed, the city (or, if you want erzatsgorode). 

Moreover, the road as a constructive element is of paramount importance. By analyzing all types of transport, I have come to the conclusion that the only rail to fully meet all the requirements for future urban neoplasms. 
First of all - this is the minimum cost of construction of railway paintings, very high capacity of one meter road, compactness, low operating costs, versatility of application, the use of the railway path throughout the cycle of works, ranging from housing to transport services population and businesses, the possibility of the energy railroad and all the urban sites into a single energy system. 

  It is anticipated that with the development of new (desert) areas needed to build a double-cross the railway line, as it has done numerous single bends, which would form the new city structure. 
The length of such «processes» can reach 60-100 km, depending on the future profile of industrial activities (career and mine, or compact industry. Production) as well as the terrain and density of settlement territoriy.Vse adjacent city buildings and facilities (as distinct from the classical cities) are located exclusively along the railway canvases at a distance 6-8 m, and represent a five-built about 10 meters in width and length of 100-200 m. Thus, a single high tunneleobrazny industrial conglomerate with a total residential domestic railway transport artery. 
Such a scheme for the construction of urban space (as in some rural areas - one along the paved streets), in addition to the many positive aspects of performance, also has a high potential for climate, virtually absent in the classical construction of urban space. 

  I have closed because of the high walls of buildings from external exposure (especially harsh winds continental climate), interior space, a kind of internal mnogokilometrovye «courtyards» (which can also be partially «cover» the top of the sun or rain). Residential and industrial 5-story building constitute a frame constructions (metal tubular profile of the square or round cross section) with a clearing outside and inside (partition) walls of the structure carrying cellular concrete weighing about 700 kg/m3. The layout of residential buildings - corridor type with a bilateral arrangement of the small block of rooms comfortable universal design (see the topic number 14 «Mobile home»). 

  The first floor is fully under-obsluzhivayusche operating rooms (laundry, shopping, library, pharmacy, garden nursery, school, dispensary, boiler house, a zoo, a cafe, small repair shops and other stores). 
Industrial buildings are located on the opposite side of the railway branch line to the leeward side so that the maximum possible to ensure the residents of adjacent houses, and (if necessary) - on both sides of the road. Excess labor force (usually men) are transported by rail to the next career GOKi, mines, transportation and industry. nodes, but not more than 30-50 km. Residential and industrial buildings are connected with each other high (level 4 floors) closed tunnel transitions in a way that it was possible to get to their jobs without access to the street and, even more so without the use of any transport. 

  Tunnel housing-industrial conglomerate has a strong advantage in the minimization of transportation costs up to the transfer of employment in their own flat dimensions (work at home seamstresses, programmer, student, collector) and the maximum approximation of the entire infrastructure serving the consumer (delivery pre-ordered and paid for the computer food and other goods directly to the customer's apartment). 
Too high concentration of people living in sotah and caused severe economy of all resources, lead to a revision of some of the housing and the organizational and family traditions. Thus, super-size apartment honeycomb will not allow the family of two adults in addition to place elderly parents, other relatives, as well as their own children over 10-12 years. 
It is set up for them (above all - for younger children), some large school-room (perhaps even on one floor with their parents). Schools could be combined with primary and secondary schools. Schools drastically help parents in the upbringing of the younger generation in terms of consumer and public processes, streamlining procedures for domestic (cleaning and personal hygiene, eating, learning, development of a sense of teamwork and self, etc.). Basic communication with parents will take place from 17 to 22 hours daily, as well as on weekends. And that's the time to communicate with its small domestic matters, can be used with maximum efficiency and saturation. 

  It is anticipated that a railway diversion length of 70 km will be able to form a village-town (colony), with a population of 730 thousand people (at the rate that the family consists of 3 persons: two able-bodied adults and one child, and the proportion of industry. The buildings will be be about 30% of the total number of buildings). In doing so, the total length of the buildings along the road of 50 km and 20 km - spacing between buildings, as well as the interim railway crossing, bridges, septic tanks and storage transport, piles of construction materials (sand, gravel). These intervals may be every 10-15 km of railway tracks. With a total length of highways and 2,000 km and an average «step» mutual railway taps in the 30 km is possible development (settlement and industrial use) in the area of 280 km2 with a population of up to 100 million. After the initial settlement of the territories designated in the first wave of settlers during the first 2-10 years of age may have a more dense and elaborate development of land (the next 30-50 years) using the already accumulated industrial and human capacity building and bringing the total population to 300-500 million man. 
So begins a city-colony of the railway diversion from the main highway: made profiling soil otsypka gravel rail road and rail laying ready flown from a train-puteukladchika. 

  The ultimate speed of installation path strongly depends primarily on the specifics of the local area, so first of all we need to master those territories that do not require major excavation work or the erection of bridges, dams, irrigation systems. In doing so, it is desirable to take into account the economic potential of the region, the prospects for its further use (availability of fertile soils and minerals, the energy potential of hydroelectric power stations and thermal power plants, water, etc.). The development of desert areas is very limited supply of possible future construction projects of all resources (material, human) in other modes of transport other than rail, so the road should be built and originally designed in such a way as to be able itself to provide. 
However, the double-path (albeit a more convenient and obvious) might be too costly and time-consuming, and not fully utilized the final consumer. It is therefore wiser to build a single track with parallel separation multirowed drives every 10-15 km. These separation will be widely used for all cycles of the construction work, as well as during operation puti.Dalee, as already indicated above, the main type of dwelling and industrial buildings - this 5-storey buildings with a self-supporting metal frame of tubular cross section and wall materials of cellular concrete. 

  Prefabricated metal components are manufactured at the core certified machinery factory and packaged delivered to the place of assembly. 
The production of cellular building block economically feasible to deploy on the ground. 
To do this you must create multiple (10-500 pcs., Depending on the extent and pace of construction), mobile mini-plants for production of cellular concrete in the field (on platforms 1-2). The full name for our needs cellular concrete is as follows - termoaktivirovanny gazopenobeton obtained by vibrovspuchivaniya structural type of density 700 kg/m3. 
To produce this type of product should be only бетономешалку industry type and shaker apparatus with a set of metal tapes necessary configuration. 
Release of this type of mass production was developed in the USSR back in 60e of the last century, and all the technological equipment (up to complete plants) are issued serially. To produce 1 m3 of gas (this is how the abbreviation will continue to call this sub-cellular concrete) will need: - cement brand M400 - 297 kg - ground burnt lime - 44.5 kg-sand - 356 kg - Water - 233 kg - aluminum powder - 0.42 kg - foaming agent - 0.9 kgili total 932 kg of absolute mass (in the calculation of freight on rail). 
The mass of a living cell (see number 14) together with elements of metal will be about 7 t So to build a city-colonies (together with the industry. buildings) will need to carry around 4,5-5 million tons of cargoes, including cement - up to 800 tons, sand - more than 1 million tonnes, 117 tonnes of lime up to 1 million tons of water (in dry areas), 1.1 thousand tons of aluminum powder, 250 tonnes of metal buildings. 

  Selected higher gas production technology is good because it allows you to create a wall insulation material dvumodalnoy voids and produce raspalubovku cells after 10-12 minutes after pouring forms immediately after the shutdown shaker apparatus. It is immediately on the producing platform to meet the outer surface of the block wall waterproofing coating (eg, napylyat molten polyethylene). Of course, that should be aerated gidrofobizirovan throughout its volume. The easiest way - is the use of hydrophobic foams. Wall units immediately after manufacture vilchatymi loaded grippers with rubberized inner surface of large area (in which air is blown to gently and firmly engulfed not yet matured unit) for the transport platform and are transported from the place of manufacture (intermediate separation) on the single road to the site of the subsequent assembly . They are stacked in a wall in a row, where they are further aging and recruitment strength. The subsequent story (because of the vastness of construction) will be stowed in a few days (3-5), when a set of sufficient strength. It is necessary to carry out basic activities of caring for the concrete (to shelter from sun and wind, wet, etc.). 
Denial of interim storage of finished wall blocks and their direct mounting dramatically accelerate the pace of construction works. Ideally - to produce building blocks of the platform were slowly moving directly in front of the walls built, but there should be an uninterrupted supply of building materials (from the intermediate base-on journeys).

  Installation carrying building designs, as well as the laying of wall blocks and other elements of the buildings being mobile railway crane with a boom reach to 20 m. It should be self-move, moving cargo from a cart moving counterweight, hydraulic sliding stops (to increase the sustainability of view of the extremely low to tap these dimensions of the width of railroad tracks). The need for high-lift railroad crane is not as Standard exterior wall blocks the dimension 1.6 x 3.2 x 0.5 m will weigh up to 2 tons (about the same - collapsible metal). 
Therefore, it is possible to limit the working capacity crane at the level of 3-5 tonnes for unloading railway platforms (industrial equipment, construction equipment, various machines and devices) should be applied (separately) compact railway high-lift cranes. 
As the erection of buildings, they are phasing out equipment and settling (first working construction and transportation specialties, and then - all the rest of the population). 
It is to erect a roof dvuhskatnuyu so that 3 / 4 went to the outer flat slope and 1 / 4 - at the internal (to the rail road). This will allow the wind to give up on a tangent, bypassing a number of buildings opposite, and do not form a strong turbulent eddies of air inside the tunnel (thus preserving the internal residential oasis from the harsh caprice of weather and climate). You can also set the roof on the visor, as well as at the corners of buildings (with sides) of spoilers to improve the overall aerodynamics of the buildings. As more functional (and more expensive) option of mounting a roof - it is creating in the amount of space greenhouse agriculture, which subsequently would allow year-round to produce a variety of vegetables and herbs for the needs of the inhabitants of the city, as well as for export to other regions or countries (not forget that in the future food will be an international currency). 

  But this is an ideal option, which requires huge quantities of glass, bearing frame and labor. Reasonable use of roof space for children's playgrounds, recreational areas, winter gardens, emergency or evacuation zony.Vnutrennie metal columns bearing skeleton buildings can also be used as a structural bearing power for the electrification of the railway transport, as well as to supply electricity to the entire city-colonies. Load capacity of columns can also be used for the installation of the nets, limiting solar radiation (in the tropics), as well as for geliokonusov (see topic number 18). When using enhanced designs of individual columns may overlap farms internal space between the buildings with the subsequent installation of the glass or glass part krysh.Na level of 4-th floor, with an interval of 30-50 m tunnels mounted air passages between buildings. They (out of hours) can be used as a cafe or a game room for children. Already under construction is necessary to create (using construction equipment) along the buildings, as well as between buildings and the bed rail roads, and many of deepening the hole. Subsequently, they will be laid construction bout gas and fertile soil and compost and the land the trees and vines, curly flowers. Climber may reach the upper floors, walls and planted with trees and shrubs decorated interior colors. 

   Trees of desirable plant fruit varieties in order to combine business with pleasure (fruit). Moreover, that inner space between the buildings will have a much more mild climatic conditions (for cultivation of varieties of fruit trees) rather than outside it. Bookmark seedling trees even during the construction phase (in the desert areas of possible watering directly from the railway tank) would remove the first crop of fruit (berries) has been the first settlers in 2-3 years. Sverhberezhlivost in resource use, and ultra-rationality in the development of living space must necessarily refer to the park and management of internal living space. The solid green residential area, devoid of the exhaust gas of thousands of cars and a busy traffic flow, along with flowering gardens, or bunch of grapes, ripe apples, cherries, plums, extensive recreational areas, separated by a space, and the volume - this is one of the concepts oblagorozhennogo living space city-colonies. 

   And to say that «they» are living worse than us, not having the set of elements or psevdoblag inherent in our time, my language is not rotated. Indeed, I myself would like to «there» live! 
Transport cities colony is not particularly diverse. 
The main passenger and freight traffic (95%) is carried out by rail. In doing so, it is desirable to differentiate the flow of time. 
So, let's say, from 7 to 22 hours priority in the movement belongs to public transport (trams from cargo compartments for the carriage of freight transportation and service shops, household facilities, etc.), and at night the transport of industrial goods (minerals, industrial . products, construction materials, etc.). 
To reduce the noise level at night schedule the freight trains needed to take some measures, namely: to transfer all the railway trains on electric traction (by the way, this is a bit to balance the consumption of electricity at different times of day), to apply bevel compound track, install the noise barrier panels widely used for noise reduction planting trees and shrubs, reduce the speed of movement of convoys to the lowest reasonable levels (around 20 km / h). Subsidiary type of public transport - this is bicycles. 

   For the maintenance and development of the external area can be used trucks, as well as various special. technique (s / x, and construction). In case of need (large length of the colonies or the need for rapid movement of large masses of people) may use suspended stream of pipeline transport systems (see a theme number 4), which are very easily and naturally fit into the overall concept of building koroda-kolonii.Proekt «city road »can have many specifications, depending on specific conditions and requirements. For example, I would like to consider the possibility of constructing the system in the PRC. 
It is interesting that has a very large working-age population (with the prospect of further growth), large areas of undeveloped central and western China, rich in minerals and have a huge energy potential of hydroelectric power stations. 

   The development and further development of these lands will help drastically reduce unemployment in the country (500 million), will provide an opportunity for a large part of the country to raise their social status and overall quality of life, China will provide more opportunities for independence from foreign sources of raw materials and energy . Now, the main limiting factors in the development of this huge potential (because there are about 4 million km2) is the absence of large amounts of skilled labor, the almost total absence of industry. suitable transport and long distances selected areas from the Pacific coast and economically developed areas of South and East, the impossibility and lack of development of hydro power, the development of extensive grazing, etc. Since the mass colonization of those territories by the method of «road-city», all these issues are solved automatically. 

   Moreover, I believe that intensive exploration and development of their own territory in the long run (politically and economically) much cheaper than the others' expansion adjacent areas (in this case, the Far East of Russia). 
I understand that the concept of «city road» as a kind of urban future tumors now may seem somewhat strange, ascetic, not the traditional thinking. But I hope that in future it will find its niche in the world worthy of human development. Of course, that the proposed concept of a specific and not designed for Europe in general, and Ukraine in particular. She needed «wild open spaces and a lot of hardworking people», to which we, alas, does not belong. 

/ "TRAKTAT the reduction of entropy, vol II, issue number 55 /  
 

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