Express-housing in the MES Print E-mail
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Written by Юрий РужинÑкий   
Wednesday, 02 April 2008
The text of the original in Russian 

  Humanity has in recent times more and more often suffer from various kinds of man-made and natural disasters. 
The main reasons for this phenomenon are the rapid growth of population, overcrowding and exorbitant his propensity to settle obviously dangerous areas of Earth (eg, sea shores or seismic areas). 
Not least important, and global climate change the planet, which leads to intensive growth of the number of tsunamis, tornadoes, forest fires, earthquakes and floods ... 
So, summing up, we can safely conclude that in the future of humanity will be sufficiently complex, problematic and associated with many disasters, deprivation, death and the Great Migration. 
In the light of emerging adverse events I see a global transformation of many social institutions in society. 
Thus, with decreasing the risk of war (military) aggression of one state on another, somewhat diminished the role of the Armed Forces (Army), more precisely, their further differentiation occurs in the high-tech armed forces (air force, air defense, missile defense). 
A freed human and material resources (eg, motopehota) will be transformed into a special unit of the Ministry of Emergencies, which will be able to fully confront the man-made accidents and natural disasters. 

One of the complex elements of the MOE is the resettlement of affected people from the earthquake zone and to provide them shelter, clothing, food, honey. help. Moreover, to perform all these seemingly secondary (after intensive rescue) arrangements must be in a few hours, because casualties can often surpass the original number of victims. The situation could worsen crowd (an earthquake in heavily populated areas), or the onset of a cold period of the year (many deaths from hypothermia organism), as well as the general chaos, the lack of any local authority and looting. 

  For fast and organized localization of abnormal situations with a high human potential crises in advance is necessary to compact, highly mobile, fully autonomous groups in the MOE that can deploy in a matter of hours anywhere in the country (and in the future - and beyond). The actions of one group may be providing the following. In the area of disaster off the military-transport aircraft MOE, through which the cargo ramp drops from the air by parachute special platform, complete the most necessary equipment and facilities. Following the platforms desantiruetsya rescue platoon, which provides after landing the cargo, as well as the opening of temporary housing camp for local residents, for some reason have lost their homes. Rescuers for law enforcement to develop the territory, as well as for its own security personnel are provided with automatic weapons fire.
Platoon may consist of branches of combat outposts (8-10 pers.) Office builders, installers (8-10 pers.), A doctor, a cook, a commander, an interpreter (if necessary). Release platform and cargo should have the wheel move, and low engine drive (later transferred to the generator), which will bring the platform after desantirovaniya in the best position, and then to make gear and equipment on the territory of temporary special gorodka.Glavnaya task. order to ensure MOE - this is not the rescue deal on the rubble and retrieve the victims (or any similar actions), and providing the affected people needed most for the existence of the fact that they can approach lasted until the main force of rescuers or until they are evacuated uninjured parts of the country. 

  The period of complete localization of a natural disaster or catastrophic event can take from several weeks to months. And in cold or hot climate, even a few hours spent outside the shelter (houses, dugouts, tents) can lead to death. Therefore the main task groups for MOE is to create temporary housing for as many people as possible. 
In this banal army tents on the civilian population of almost not suitable, because require a very intense heat (which is not always possible), Fire and Emergency vlagoneustoychivy.Poetomu system needs to develop a new type of temporary housing, the maximum charge of the realities of extreme operating conditions and with sufficient technological as in the manufacture of both the transport and assembly. Normal residential unit can take the form of a round yurt with a dome roof, and constitute a sandwich structure with walls of thin fiberglass filled with foam. 
Cargo platform desantiruemaya from an aircraft must have two sets of Fiberglass shells (large outer and a small internal shell) located separately. Each package can be up to hundreds of shells. Their number is normalized only aircraft with load capacity as shell wall thickness is very small (about 1 mm) and they can be pack in principle unlimited mnogo.Posle landing platform and vykata it on a working platform, the platform is going to a small crane assembly. Using a syringe and a small foot pump in the joint between the top and follow the shell is blown air, which separates densely packed Fiberglass shell. Then the assembly crane using vacuum suckers grabs and puts on a great environment for small, captures and removes them from the platform. Installer technology inserted in the locking brackets shell holes, which provide uniform spacing (5-10 cm) between walls and blow mounting foam (polystyrene), which seals (gum) in the whole shell of rigid construction and provides the necessary insulation. 

  Next, using the crane assembly or manually (because the weight of the assembly does not exceed 250 kg), house-yurt is set to take his place. It should be leveled ground on a hill with an annular groove to a depth of 10 cm, dug along the perimeter wall of the yurt. Burying yurta of land is needed to catch her bottom and give greater rigidity of the structure in the sudden gust of wind. Yurt constructively as it consists of two elements: the cylinder (wall) with a very low obliquity required to put the walls on each other during transportation and convex cone of (a roof). This delivers maximum stiffness and structural strength with minimal weight and maximum net floor area of the round. In place of transition in the cylinder-cone roof fixing brackets are external to the ring, which then pass through straps and yurt, like a traditional tent, firmly fastened to the ground with ropes peg. Thus, have a jam at the bottom and top strength. 
Besides woven Fiberglass body very strong in the gap, water resistant, has high elektroizolyatsiyu, not fuel, is not prone to decay and corrosion. However, its cost price is high enough, but given the small thickness of the wall (about 1 mm) and very simple technology and shape of the surface, as well as extreme situations, high cost of glass fiber (compared to a sheet) can be neglected. Of course, that the foam used as an internal filler is not an ideal material for durability, nor hygienic parameters (indicators of MPC). 
But it should also take into account that the house-yurt of this type - this is a temporary home with a one-time operation of a maximum term of 12 months and that death from hypothermia or heat to 50 oC more realistic than, say, the residual free styrene-monomera.Konstruktsiya house-yurta, resembling the two inserted into each other disposable plastic cups, enough original and practical. But it can be supplemented by, for example, the central pillar of tin, which can carry the load of the convex part of the roof. 

  In this case we get a unique design on the rigidity, which, with some flexibility and mobility (for example, in a repetitive earthquake), will work well for the shift, compression and tension. Stance central support may be made of a thin twisted tin with an easy obliquity (this will compact the pipe to collect the packets, inserting them as Matryoshka each other) and the average diameter of about 200 mm. The central pillar may extend beyond the yurt at 1-1,5 m upwards, and the lower portion mounted on a heating unit type «burzhuyki». In this case, the central pillar will act as a heat collector - dymohoda.Nalichie standard windows in a house-yurt does not provide as it is quite complicated and fraught with high heat poteryami.Vhodnaya the door is an oval hatch 1,6 x 0,8 m, is situated at a height of 0,4-0,5 m from ground level. 

  Even when building two Fiberglass shell combine with one another in such a way that the oval openings could insert oval frame shvellernogo section. Only after its consolidation (with adhesive, one-sided rivets) made zaduvka foam wall yurt. Entry hatch closed two elastic shell of thick transparent polyethylene on zipper with double slider, which can be opened from the outside and inside. Access hatch, in fact, is one large window. Double valve entrance hatch with a relatively small size, would sufficiently preserve the heat. In the warm period of a valve-door (as a rule - internal) could be simply to remove in order to facilitate entry and exit. Simplified and the ventilation air in the almost airtight cabin, yurt: the inflow of air can be achieved, rasstegnuv below the zipper door for a few centimeters, and removal of the air will be implemented through a central rack-dymohod.V case of rainy weather smooth conical surface yurta inevitably lead to will be filled with water the lower part of walls, buried in the ground. To avoid this, you need adhesive tape glued to the bottom of the walls of polyethylene strip width of 50-80 cm, the outlet water away from zhilischa.Zemlyanoy the floor inside the house, yurt, of course, not honey, but the construction of wooden floors can be a luxury, especially in the case of acute shortage of fuel. 

  However, the night on wet and cold ground potential by pneumonia and radiculitis. It is therefore desirable houses complete with thin plastic mattresses on which to blow the foam assembly, forming something like beds, beds. The soft foam will be fine to keep the heat the human body and will not be too rigid and the outer plastic shell prevent the infiltration of moisture. Although in terms of fire safety in the presence of such a compact housing a large number of combustible material, coupled with the open source of fire (jumped from the stove «burzhuyki» ugolki) is fraught with serious consequences. So, perhaps, trim beds, as well as other materials of furniture and curtains dividing to do from a non-combustible material, for example, from the same glass. It would like to use the tourist synthetic mats increased thickness (up to 10 cm), but they are too bulky for transport, and therefore their use may subsequently, with the organization more or less reliable transport communication with the affected rayonami.Lineynye size house-yurta may be different in Depending on the specific tasks and conditions. But most likely that the outer diameter would not exceed 3.5 m, as limitations of transportation conditions Fiberglass hulls semi (the width of the hatches of aircraft or railway platforms, not unlimited). So the usable area yurta will not exceed 9 m 2. 
In the extreme conditions in such areas can be quite reasonably accommodate up to 5 adults. With the full weight of the home in the 250 kg (no stove), you can take that one person accounts for about 50 kg gruzomaterialov. This, of course, an order of magnitude above the classic tent gruzomateriala from a simple canvas, but the house-yurta pretend to some semblance of major housing for a variety of weather conditions! Yes, and operating costs (primarily - on the fuel) would be an order of magnitude smaller. In the future, a comfortable, compact and fully transportable house-yurt can act as a highly liquid market (or the «goods»?) And regarded as a monetary unit of a major denomination. Authorization for the privatization of such housing would allow the State to regulate its economic relationship with its citizens and even to determine the political and social rules of the game. 

  For example, authorization for the privatization of primary gers receive only the most active and organized citizens, who by their selfless work and organizational skills will help to rescue MOE to normalcy ... Placement of cabins, yurts can be as classic row, as well as a pentagram - a group of 5 dwellings . In doing so, it is desirable to have a second technical doors, go inside a common "courtyard" where you can place indoor toilet, a wood warehouse, warehouse rescued and protected objects, furniture and materials. Formed as a minikommuna with their government and security that would greatly facilitate the lives of rescuers. 
The color of the surface Fiberglass hulls gers must be white. 
In this inner space of housing will look bright and spacious. 
And the outer surface can then paint aerosol paint color, depending on the tastes, passions and abilities of residents gers. The element of artistic creativity will bring a variety of mental relief and who have, until recently the deprivation and suffering, distract them from painful thoughts. And the bright and unique houses will then be easier to distinguish friend from druga.Mozhno confidently say that the proposed model for a system of Emergency Shelter - is a triumph of the foam as the ideal of constructive material: virtually weightless, it is very compact and portable (ie not yet foamed resin) with different thermophysical parameters, a low cost and simple in terms of recycling (in solvents). 
It is safe to say that «Pena will save the world!» ... But let us return to our long-citizens. The proposed structure of the above units MOE is not ideal, because it is based on existing components and designs. If you create a system of MOE from scratch, without any restriction, it is indeed open possibilities and prospects. 

  Thus, it forces EMERCOM give special status (to expand their powers until the elimination of the consequences and manifestations of terrorist acts) and allocate them to the three-tier. All levels are based primarily on airborne strike groups able to work anywhere, regardless of the availability of roads, highways, bridges, supply bases, etc., although not excluded, and a ground unit operating at the local level. 
The main transport of all three levels should be the model vertodirizhabl - toroobrazny helium airship with a coaxial helicopter with screws in the center (see the topic number 21) carrying capacity of about 90 tons main transport unit - Spark or triple (triangle) vertodirizhabley total carrying capacity of 180 and 270 tonnes . and flight speed to 100 km / h. 
The task of the first-tier rescue Emergency - arrive at the crash site as soon as possible with the necessary personnel and equipment working on the board (platform). Then Spark (triangle), and separate each vertodirizhabl operates as an autonomous (or tied) the crane alone. Delivered the equipment can be very different names - from the medical (compact operating station) to the purely Rescue (gidronozhnitsy, winches, lighting installation, jacks, rafts, gas masks). Private transport platform and can serve as shelter for the rescuers and the control center (headquarters) of all rescue operations. 

  It is estimated that for every million population will need to complete 1-2 Spark vertodirizhabley. But in each case for each country should be approached individually, given its technological and Crisis potentsial.Voyska second echelon arrive after the first, and deliver themselves as rescuers, as well as economic goods, as well as the evacuation of injured and wounded.
 In this case, Spark and the triangles are no longer separate and operate as a single vehicle. In implementing vertodirizhablyami airline restrictions on the linear dimensions of shell houses-gers removed. You'll see even the possibility of transporting large homes with metal supporting frame. One standard Spark vertodirizhabley able to take on board some 700 sets of cabins, yurts at 3,500 people, or (more realistically and practically) - 500 sets of houses with full (oven, spoons, bowls, mugs, water filters, medical kits, dry rations, clothing, synthetic mats, etc.). In this second-tier Spark can work around the clock and deliver the goods in the disaster zone continuing to fully meet all basic needs. Number of people taken for a flight can make more 2,000 people, and for the first week of navigation (the crisis) - from 30 to 150 thousand people. Number sparok to 1 million people to have 2-5 pieces. It should be noted that the second echelon troops MOE is the militias, because it ensures the rule of law and discipline in the disaster zone, coordinates the work of the army and police and public security forces. Troops of the Ministry of Emergencies in the disaster area have the priority right to use firearms to kill according to the operational environment in conditions of martial law and suppress every attempt to pillage or ethnic conflicts in the main task of the rescuers pochve.Esli first line - to save the largest possible number of human lives in the early hours of the disaster, the purpose of rescue of second-line - to save lives of all essential to the existence in the first week / month. 

   Third-line troops - a kind of heavy cavalry - ensure the delivery and deployment of heavy construction equipment, delivery of construction goods (cement, metal, wood), and teams of professional builders. 
They eliminate the most problematic and complex consequences of nature or man-made disasters. Behind them to the work already begin civil engineering specialists. 
If necessary, third-line troops rescuers develop second-tier set up temporary housing, roads and communications in order to make them more durable and capital (if the state lacks sufficient resources for the rapid elimination of the consequences of an accident or incident). 

   To do this, with special warehouses EMERCOM brought food, clothing (including a massive amount - second-hand), set up postirochnye points with the use of self-washing machines, food items are organized, in the presence of timber through benzopil create stockpiles of firewood, buryatsya well under water, a cable TV, organized round-the-clock medical care and dr.Voyska third-line do not have armed forces, but they are the most numerous and have a lifting travel - 3-10 sparok and triangles in the 1 million citizens. 
Air Fleet Forces MOE should consist of 90% of vertodirizhabley, 8% - from traditional aircraft (airplanes and helicopters) and by 2% - of the type of lightweight, LA mikrolayt (see a theme number 1), designed to monitor areas of natural disaster or disasters and coordination of land spasateley.Vertodirizhabli ideal for rescue and transport operations - have a high capacity, a compact, can operate over a point, it is safe to use. Slow speed is offset by the opportunity to work with any field sites, and the estimated radius of the working of flights does not exceed 500 km. Specifically, for the Ukrainian fleet could be forces EMERCOM 600-1.600 vertodirizhabley or about 500 sparok. The number of troops MOE - up to 50,000 people. At first glance, the numbers may seem high, but it is up to the first of a serious accident or disaster. It should be remembered that the troops MOE should absorb part of the Army Armed Forces of Ukraine, as well as National. Guard, police, fire brigade and, indeed, all of the Ministry of Emergency as a whole. 

   Only if the maximum concentration of all forces and resources in a single ministry with expanded responsibilities and powers (MOE), it is possible the successful resolution of almost all possible man-made and natural disasters. It is they who will be at the forefront of the III millennium, rather than any local war or terrorist threats. It should be kept in mind that another Chernobyl Ukraine simply can not survive and if the liquidation of the accident in 86 working full year, the Soviet Union, it now will have to twist themselves into full odinochestve.Na territory of Ukraine it would be necessary to accommodate the four forces EMERCOM: Western, Central, East and South. 
The most powerful must be the East, as to account for the largest man-Donbass danger. The most compact - South, providing patrols and search and rescue operations at sea. Each group should have its own specialization and related equipment. 
For example, Fire Spark of 150 tons of water in the form of fine aerosol (generated from the work of the propellers) in the Carpathians, to extinguish any forest fire in a few minutes more in the bud. How much time will need staffing 5 tons ZIL-131 bound for the mountains to reach the source of ignition, and whether he was there at all? .. When an accident at a chemical production with emission of harmful components Spark MOE can spray neutralizing agent and to the primary evacuation of nearby villages. Etc., etc. 

   Personally, I believe that the new era demands new challenges, new tasks and new ways of solving them. Troops and the establishment of MES in a single state, and of global scale - a real alternative to future conflict. 

/ "TRAKTAT the reduction of entropy, vol II, issue number 74 /  
 

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