Utilizer «Worthless» HEAT
Hamza Umyarov, development engineer
Burning large quantities of hydrocarbons of various types, we have long svyklis with the idea that a large portion of thermal energy simply be released into the atmosphere. If we keep only the boiler gregatah, then we do know is that one tenth of the thermal energy becomes «dumping».
Of course, the boiler units are designed and manufactured with very high calculated values of efficiency. For example, the efficiency of 91,2%. But the real operation because of the presence of so-called «the transition process», accompanied by an average efficiency of 87 ... 88%. That is, the assertion that in the atmosphere 10 ... 12% of the energy of fuel, has a right to exist. In fact, every 10 ... 12 kg from 100 kg of fuel burned, for us - finally lost resource in the value of which already includes the cost of production, transportation, storage and processing of fossil fuels.
Low to extract heat directly from the same gas-fired boilers is virtually impossible because they are composed of carbonate, nitrate and sulfate compounds, which, in combination with water provides a chemically aggressive environment, the ravages of the materials gazodymohodov, gazodymootvodov, chimneys. In addition, the composition of gas contains 7 ... 8% of the amount of water vapor. Therefore, the temperature of gas can not be below a certain «dewpoint».
However, recently developed and experimentally tested technology of gas-liquid solutions can help solve this problem recycling «worthless» heat. The technology - the saturation level of any liquid steam bubbles a few microns in diameter or less, in which «packed» any gas with a wide range of parameters on pressure and temperature.
Without going into technical details and process technology and construction of the device, the technical and technological solutions which are designed applications for patents of Russian Federation for the invention is shown schematic images of installation and equipment of which is understood by the principles of a device or installation, and their structural features. Home essence - preparation of gas-liquid solution, ie, «packing», for example, the gas boiler in the smallest volume of steam bubbles. Running a gas-liquid slurry, rich not only micron bubbles, but also thermal energy of gases through the shell side heat exchanger, it is possible to safely remove a significant portion of thermal energy through the well-known and long-waste process heat two media through a wall. That is, use the normal kozhuhotrubny exchanger.
If utilizer used as «prefix» to the existing boiler
equipment, it will be able to dispose of not more than 70% of the volume of gas.
Completely take away the entire amount of «dumping» heat in this case can not be on the reason that increasing the degree of dilution in gazodymootvodnom tract boiler can lead to undesirable «flame job» burner boiler. Yes, and disposal of all quantities of «dumping» heat of these 70% full is not possible, since the utilizer will have their own thermal losses. That is, of the above 10 ... 12% loss of fossil fuels can, in principle, to draw no more than 7 ... 8%. But this figure will be fairly considered as very useful, as well as efficiency boiler coupled with utilizer increases to 95 ... 97%.
If in the future, this technology recycling «worthless» heat get mass distribution, and similar utilizer become part teplosilovogo equipment already in the process of calculation and design, for example, the boiler, then it is feasible to bring the efficiency of boilers up to 98 ... 99%.
Carbonate, nitrate and sulfate compounds, which are contained in a gas-liquid solution, it is easier to neutralize the special filters with replaceable cartridges. After all, if the volume of gas, they represent a significant share of largest volume, the volume of gas-liquid solution of mass fraction is very small - enough to establish a permanent operating additional branch flow of mud from the pump to the transmittance of the filter through the volume of neutralizing chemical.
If the proposed disposal of «dumping» warm gas with a high content of sazhistyh, coke or zolistyh particles, it is not working to build a filter for mechanical cleaning of the detention and subsequent removal, for example, solid particles in a diameter less than 10 microns. This prevents the enhanced erosion wear of working surfaces of the device.
Installations recycling «worthless» Heat may be formed in two parallel rows of model performance.
1.Po volume «packed» steam bubbles in gas-liquid solution gas. For example, range from 100, 200, 300, 400, 500 m3/hour. This is achieved by changing the characteristics of disposable pump unit or the selection of pumps for expenditure characteristics. Naturally, with the changing preferences of basic knots (design patented in the Russian Federation for the number 2198019) generator steam bubbles.
2. Largest teplosema. So according to preliminary calculations, while «packing» steam bubbles in the 100 m3 / h gas with a temperature of 120 º C, temperature with a flow rate of 1 cubic meter per hour and can be
increased from +5 º C to +65 º C. But it does not follow that if «packing» 200 m3 / h at the existing equipment can be doubled with a temperature of coolant flow from +5 º C to +65 º C. You need to design tricks or design options for the device utilizer as shown below the figure
Where can be used by installing recycling «worthless» heat?
For example, in multi-family residential homes with the autonomous modular boiler units, which are placed next to mnogoetazhkoy, boiler units, or so-called «roof type». Heat stair openings, any premises in which people are limited time, you may need in order to save through the use of «dumping» heat gas boiler alone. «Wasteland» Heat can also be used in hot water (DHW) heating a relatively small amount of constant circulation, for example, at night, when the DHW flow rate is minimal or absent altogether.
Using utilizer «worthless» heat, you can create a new type of sports facilities. For example, the sport of football fields, the size of 90 × 45 meters (which is allowed by UEFA standards) with artificial heating. Current practice of artificial heating on the basis of electric thermocouple, - for our environment is unacceptable because of the harsh Russian winter, leading to high operating costs. Why not imagine a football field with natural grass, which is at a depth of 180 ... 200 mm neatly stacked pipes pass cross-section 20 ... 25 mm in increments of 500 ... 750 mm, which constantly circulates coolant at a temperature of not more than 35 º C? Even with 30-degree frosts on the soil surface layer of grass would be plus (from +2 º C to +4 º C) temperature at which certain types of hardy grasses Russian flora continues to grow! Such experiments and experimental-industrial development took place even during the Soviet era, in the 70's. Under the interim ukryvnym material was observed even growth of plants. Well, a coolant temperature of +35 º C to give utilizer «worthless» heat gas water gas boiler room, the main purpose of which - razdevalok to heat rooms, office space, showers sports complex, stadium (already have a specific project "Club football stadium"
This development should also attract the attention of designers and builders of large logistic centers with storage facilities with a very large area. If the office and work space to heat the heat produced water autonomous gas boiler-house, it is whether the storage space to install a similar system of heating? Do not easier, cheaper is not whether to make their heating type «hot sex» with laying pipe circulation system at a depth of 80 ... 100 mm, which is constantly chasing coolant at a temperature of not more than 35 º C? «Wasteland» warmly in this case, it is reliably provide heat storage facilities with large areas in the so-called «survival», when in any area of water is not the point zamerznet even at 30-degree frosts outside air.
With the attention currently being given low private housing construction could significantly increase the convenience of such housing due to the simultaneous construction of the house and winter greenhouse or winter garden ilizimnego garden, that is, a relatively small personal greenhouse agriculture. «Wasteland» warm gas household gas water boilers can be used quite easily to maintain the required temperature regime of the winter greenhouse or winter garden or a winter garden. Develop a range of utilizer «packing» in steam bubbles from 25 to 50 m3 / h gas no problem.
One could continue to give examples of possible use utilizer «worthless» heat, but also mentioned, I think it is enough to attract serious attention to the proposed innovations. Then, - it all depends on the imagination of designers and planners interested.