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Leisure Leisure | Tourism Oared transatlantic race
Leisure Leisure | Tourism Oared transatlantic race
| Oared transatlantic race |
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| Written by Юрий РужинÑкий | |
| Wednesday, 02 April 2008 | |
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The text of the original in Russian The end of the twentieth and the beginning of the twenty-first century. marked by rapid development of tourism, technology and extreme sports. It is now no surprise jumps on a motorcycle has a maximum length of 70 m or parachuting skateboard. And jumping from a bridge or a tower crane has become a routine attraktsionom.V some extent this also applies to travel on the ocean rowing by, usually alone. How to conquer the Atlantic Ocean (the most often and in all directions), both Pacific and Indian, but by brave have gone to dozens. Yet the sport is a rare and exotic. The reason is - the high cost of the event at great risk to their lives. Thus, the training boat for the transition costs in the amount of approximately $ 100 thousand + different overheads (boat transportation, insurance, registration documents, stocks of provisions, etc.), roughly comparable to the cost of the boat. Yes, and the risk of lost or perish in the ocean in a storm in a small shell deters most extreme ekstremalov.No pioneers have proved that «all clear» and with some perseverance on the path of. La Gomera (Canary Islands) to about. Barbados (Yu America) can be overcome for the 47 days after receiving a lot of impressions and memories for the rest of zhizn.V possible future establishment of tourist traffic on the above route. But, of course, it should be properly secured and organized. Creating oared transatlantic regattas to me as follows: Some commercial firm organizes the development and serial manufacture of rowing boats, capable of guaranteeing the long water, with maximum comfort, speed and security. A broader advertising campaign to attract potential ekstremalputeshestvennikov. After a hard selection (first of all - on psychophysiological parameters) and the event (estimated: $ 20 thousand - rent a boat and equipment, $ 5 thousand - insurance and $ 15 thousand - a pledge for a voluntary early decay with distance ( in the absence of such deposit is returned)), recruited two groups of participants start from every continent to meet each other with a certain interval and distantsiey.Dlya security oarsmen on each continent with some delay with two submarines accompaniment, which falls in the drift at a distance of 1,000 miles from each coast. Submarines (possibly written from the Navy and converted diesel-electric) must be on board collapsible seaplane, small speedboats (hydrofoil), sonar and radiopelengatsionnuyu station detection and tracking rowing boats on the signals, continuously published them. In the event of an accident, illness, or rowers with reluctance seagoing traveler is removed from the boat in any way, and subsequently delivered to the port starta.Dlya regatta provided a corridor of 50 miles, which is desirable to withstand even in the face of the storm. Permanent monitoring of all the boats through the system and constantly working GPS beacons. Choosing a rescue platform namely submarines (more expensive to operate) rather than conventional vessels due to the fact that submarines are not afraid of storms - the main enemy of the regatta, and able to move any given point in any ocean waves. Return submarines at the base is carried out with the last ridges lodkami.Summarnoe number of participants in the regatta can be as high as 100 people, the number of regattas during the year - 2-3, but the preferred time of year - month of October, when the chance of storms is minimal. Commercial activities under the name «oared transatlantic regatta» with good organization can pay off in the mode of self within 3 years and continue to bring profit to the order of $ 5 million per year. And in the active advertising campaigns (likeness «Formula 1»), this amount may increase by an order of magnitude. Demand will totalizator.Samoe the main advantage of the regatta is that it may become a party to virtually any healthy person with a strong will, with a modest funding (optimally - to $ 25 thousand), which for Europeans or Americans to pay 5-20 thousand . $ / month. not very obremenitelno.Uchastniki rowing regatta, has successfully overcome the distance, should be rewarded with memorable personal rings (such as those awarded to graduates of prestigious universities). Strong and strong-willed people, they have proved their quality, will benefit from increased attention and respect in society, he would always tell that in the campaign, he will have priority when applying for work, and particularly popular with women. So the potential interest in the regatta is guaranteed in advance (with proper advertising coverage). And now I would like to touch on a few design rowing, the very concept of the construction and comparative analysis of existing structures. Studying the design of ocean rowing boats, I came to the conclusion that all of them (with a few insignificant difference) is almost same. Several different linear size, arrangement of the cabins, equipped with electronics, but it is not fundamentally. For further analysis, I chose the two constructions: the boat «UralAZ» Fyodor Konyukhov and boat «SEKTOR» Gerard D * Abovilya and concluded that, for the construction of «ideal» (as far as possible) the boat must be taken into account a number of fundamental factors: 1. Linear dimensions of the boat shall conform to the physiological needs of rowers, but no more! Any extra cm extra kilograms ultimately resulting in unnecessary Watts human power, and so are very scarce. 2. Linear dimensions and outline (as a submarine or surface), the boat should help minimize the water resistance of the vessel. At the same time: 3. shall be static stability in a rough and rapid stabilization when overkile in severe storms. 4. It is also necessary to reduce the resistance to movement of the boat at the micro level, taking into account recent advances in science. 5. Clean swimming bans on the use of any other sources of energy to the vessel, other than human muscular power. But nothing prohibits the use, such as solar energy to provide comfortable navigation rights. 6. Very large reserves lie in the careful study of the physiological aspects of diving: the temperature-humidity regime, the intensity of caloric and nutritional, psychological, work schedule, involvement of all muscle groups and so on 7. Another provision of speed - the creation of such a construction engine boat, which would continue in the rough or even in a storm. I have proposed the boat must have a length of approximately 5.5 meters wide on the waterline - 0.8 m. Of course, that if such minimum dimensions of the boat (more like kayaks or canoes) will not be able to swim at any significant unrest. Therefore, the design provides for ultrathin and narrow keel with a ballast, fully pressurized cabin, and used for recreation and for rowing, as well as the lateral inflow, increasing the buoyancy of the vessel tipped excessively strong, and used for placement of goods (equipment and purveyance). Thus, minimize the maximum cross-sectional area and wetted surface area of the boat, we can go a long high-speed mode at 10 km / h (Marani and Shaw, with R = 4,27), which is significantly higher than average velocities, developed by the above-mentioned boats (No. 7, 5 km / h). air resistance, in principle, can be neglected, because in order to reduce the sailing cabin rowers made possible with the influx of low and streamlined. Resistance to friction of water on the hull can be somewhat reduced by using not polished smooth lining, and doing it in the form of mikroborozdok (ribletov) oriented in the direction of the main flow. Reducing resistance orebrennoy (corrugated) surfaces compared with smooth plate is 8-10%, which converted to 5,000 km will give a significant increase in time or speed. It is possible and use very weak aqueous solutions of polymers, enabling the reduction of friction resistance body by 30-40% compared to their values for pure vody.Lineynye size, tonnage, capacity of the proposed boat several times less than the existing analogs. This was achieved primarily so that the working area (the area of rowing), and domestic area (the area of rest and food, toilet) are combined in a single sealed cabin. The main disadvantage of classical designs - the deployment of rowers on the central open platform, where he works oars. Hence the mass of problems. Quote excerpts from the diary of Fedor Konyukhov: October 18, «... the body of sea salt and sweat covered with a red rash. Leather, as after burns, climb down time after time. I removed all the clothes ... ».20 October« The waves are from the south-west, eight meters. All damp, last night in my cabin zaletela wave and zalila everything, including phone numbers ... ».21 October« Ever since I got sunstroke and fainted, all the time, feelings of weakness and headache. I muchil strong heat, the temperature of 39 and vomiting ... ».23 October« ... Because inflamed eye tears stop flowing, as if their gravelly - salt corroded pupils. Not yet joined oars, and had no power. I attempted several times to make a sweep oar. All of the body and then covered, sweat flooded my eyes. And then convulsions brought back, and I was not able to go ... ». Short and very succinctly described his trip, and Dr. Gerard * Abovil:« It was a hell kromeshny ». And all this happened, because have not paid attention to comfort of travel. Without a principled solution to this issue implementing mass transatlantic regattas in principle nevozmozhno.Plavat in an open boat on the river or you can bid on vacation, and for several hours, but not in the open ocean for months. In fact, the journey is in aggressive environments: intensity of solar radiation at equatorial latitudes (including the hard ultraviolet-B), high humidity, aggressive salt spray, the lack of good rest and nutrition, etc. Therefore, I am a little surprised so lightly preparation for such events, involving a real risk to human life (of course, provided that the traveler does not sadomazohist). On my boat pressurized cabin rowers must have a shock-resistant glass dome (lantern) to the photochromic coating, changing its svetopropusknuyu ability. Sure the availability of desiccant air conditioning system with air, fed by solar panels. The air temperature inside the cabin at the time of intense rowing should not exceed 20oS, at the time of rest - 24oS, humidity - 70-80%. Such working conditions drastically reduce sweating and normalize the physiological functions of man. Mode of rowing to be the next: 07.00 - 13.30 - I change (rowing) .13.30 - 15.30 - Recreation, cooking, communications, remont.15.30 - 22.00 - II change (rowing) .22.00 - 07.00 - rest (sleep) Full-time rowing - 13 hours. In the daytime, there are short breaks for 5-10 minutes to rest and eat. Number of sessions meal - 5-7 at a cost of 800-570 kcal / day. Thus, frequent food organism rowers small doses of food as a positive influence on her overgrazing, as well as the efficiency of the individual. Required daily intake of hot food. Meals must be carefully balanced in fats, proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals. Moreover, the yield on the «treatment» (ie, correct and intensive nutrition) should be made well in advance of the voyage. Water on board must not exceed the daily requirement (3-4 l), the remaining water must be extracted from the ocean through desalination through membrane filters (with mechanical or electromechanical pumping water). It is unacceptable to carry with them the necessary water supply (as some travelers do), because it spoil quickly, has great weight and size (which reduces the speed). Comfortable stay rowers on the boat will help drastically reduce the daily vodopotrebnost before 3-3,5 liters (including wet protirku-dos), in contrast to F. Konyukhov: October 20, «... We need to relax. And to boil water for tea. Or maybe not. Stomach as a drum, water preserver. With this heat, I drink a day on its seven liters ... ». There is salt jar the body, then go to where all of the appropriate salt and mineraly.Porazhaet that virtually none of the travelers did not use the gifts of the ocean - fish, shellfish, algae, etc. . Apparently, the reason for this is - too much physical stress and fatigue, reluctance to tinker with the cooking, because open and eat the bank concentrates much easier and faster. But the rational use of fishing technology and gear (eg, fishing in the labyrinthine network of underwater flashlight at night) will help to significantly reduce the weight of the necessary provisions, and the diversity of food (no, this traveler will not abandon the hot and pahuchey uhi prepared himself! + Additional exotic and memories). Significantly lower physical activity required for movement of such a compact and high-speed vessels, coupled with the rational organization of work processes, abundant balanced diet and a high level of comfort will provide sufficient traveler a pleasant stay with lots of positive emotions. This is truly the journey, not the test of survival in kontslagernyh conditions. F. Konyukhov: «... Before sailing, I represent that row every day for 15 hours is hard. Do not know that to such an extent. Day bleak, do not want to live. Voltage from the hand weakened, if the tendons are stretched ... ». An important factor in the long, difficult and dangerous journey of a psychiatric stabilization. Not every participant will have the regatta experience, and the iron strength of will, as a seasoned traveler (same F. Konyukhov, d * Abovil, John Ferfaks, etc.). Therefore, in addition to satellite phones to communicate with family and friends, on the crest of the vessel must be a compact audio / video center. Favorite music, movies and the transfer, the game should brighten up the heavy loneliness. It is a pity that many neglect the psychological factor of stabilization, considering it unnecessary luxury, the foul on the extreme board. (To explore the possibility of a candidate for the race you want to place it in a container with an autonomous right out of it a week later on the condition that 100,000 full grebkov J). Creating ekstraneordinarnogo rowing vessel, using the muscular force of rights, in principle, it is not possible without changing the design of the engine. F. Konyukhov: October 17, «Wind of bad, comes from the south of the wave steep faces throng, and large waves from the east. Row can not be. Oar breaks and pulling out of the hands ... ». «... You can not argue that there is no danger of breaking oars ...». I note that the «UralAZ» addition trehmetrovyh cheerful staff was even the same supplies. Grand total weight of oars, the high moment of inertia, not optimal shape of working surfaces - all this leads to a low point of the propulsive engine (and therefore - and low efficiency). In principle, any partially submerged vehicle, crossing the water surface, show common pitfalls: - strikes the blades of the water at the entrance - Removal of water from the outlet - a breakthrough for the working elements of the air - the blades - nonlinearity due to the fact that the blades alternately move in the air, the water - waste volnoobrazovanie.No energy on the biggest drawback is cheerful in that they are very difficult to row in the rough and impossible - in shtorm.Poetomu I would have used his boat pulsed piston engine. This is a very simple and rugged construction. Piston engine efficiency lies somewhere between oared engine and propeller vysokopropulsivnym (moving closer to the latter) and is about 60%. But the screw (or rather - to send) - is complex, cumbersome, requires a high ometaemogo section, although in principle and is available for installation on a rowing boat. The main disadvantage of piston engine - increased resistance to the flow of water through the bypass valve in the reverse course of the piston. But the opportunity to row in any weather and super more than compensate for this deficiency. By turning the exhaust nozzle can change the direction of motion of the boat. Reciprocating Water is difficult to break and virtually impossible to lose (as opposed to the paddle). In order to drive the piston has a T-shaped lever, the moving of the guide. Its lower end of end valve-piston unit, the upper end - adjustable handle. Poor anatomic seat rowers can be recorded in any convenient position along the length of cockpit, but it can slip in and directing at each grebke. In this case, brought almost all the muscle groups of people - from the legs, back and hands. For the rest nominated by the chair all the way forward and down horizontally, forming a comfortable bed. To provide a storm catches with straps. The boat must be made unsinkable (foam tip tightly collected). Hull - dial, hard, edging - Fiberglass. Keel beam length 1,8-2 m and a width of 0,18 m - of high steel hyperfine streamlined section. Ballast - filled with lead weight 30-50 kg. Projected TTH boats: Length, mm 5.500 Width, mm: 800 to KWL total 1.800 Displacement, m3 0.85 The area of solar cells, M2 2.2 Solar power installations, W 310 Drive power stroke (per person), W 200 Speed (duration), km / h 10 The stock of provisions, 30 kg Water, kg 3-4 Sailing time (5.200 km - standard), days. 40 Sailing time (4.678 km - in a straight line), days. 36 Sailing time (theoretical minimum) days. 26 / "TRAKTAT the reduction of entropy, vol II, issue number 7 |