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Science Science | Natural Einstein, you're wrong!
Science Science | Natural Einstein, you're wrong!
| Einstein, you're wrong! |
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| Written by Валерий Петров | |
| Wednesday, 11 June 2008 | |
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The text of the original in Russian As is known, the basic postulate of his theory of relativity Einstein described as follows: "... Not only in mechanics but also in electrodynamics, no properties of the phenomena do not conform to the notion of absolute rest ... for all coordinate systems, for which the true equation of mechanics, just the same electrodynamic and optical laws ... This is an assumption (the contents of which will be called the "principle of relativity"), we intend to make the assumption .... " Easy to see that this statement of the Einstein contained at least two statements: 1. "... Not only in mechanics but also in electrodynamics, no properties of the phenomena do not conform to the notion of absolute rest ...» and the 2. ... for all coordinate systems, for which the true equation of mechanics, just the same electrodynamic and optical laws ... This assumption (the contents of which will be called the "principle of relativity"), we intend to make the assumption .. ". Let's try to understand a meaning of each of these allegations. So, none of the properties of events is not consistent with the notion of absolute rest. But what is «absolute rest»? One may assume that the «absolute rest» is the opposite of «absolute motion». In the time of Einstein, though, as at present, under the «absolute motion» motion with respect to some understanding of the environment, filling all the space world, no matter whether we'll call this Wednesday broadcast or physical vacuum. But traffic on the environment, which, according to Einstein, is not accompanied by any observable effects, there are all the same relative motion, which should in fact be accompanied by well-observed effects, as confirmed by experiments Eyhenvalda and Wilson, electrodynamics and Sagnac experiments in optics. Absolute motion, by its very nature, there is movement in itself, regardless of the movement to which any case. It is likely that such movement can not be found. In any case, is not currently aware of any experience, which would be just such a discovery, independent from any coordinate system, absolute motion. On the contrary, there are numerous experiments to detect effects caused by the movement is relative to the ether. The results of these experiments are as follows: in all cases where there is a movement of equipment or individual parts on the Earth's atmosphere, there are any effects, just the appropriate speed on the Earth's atmosphere (referred to above experiments Eyhenvalda, Wilson, Sagnac). On the contrary, in all cases where the movement of equipment or parts on the Earth's atmosphere does not exist, there is no effect. The most famous of these experiments is the Michelson-Morley experiment, in which the interferometer motionless on the Earth's atmosphere in the whole experiment. But according to the results of experiments to establish the state of motion of the devices or their parts on the Earth's atmosphere should be the subject of theory, not in relation to Einstein's theory. Thus, Einstein's postulate that all the properties of events is not consistent with the notion of absolute rest, can not serve as a basis for the creation of any scientific theory is due to the lack of «absolute rest» as such. Turning now to the study of the second postulate, the so-called «the principle of relativity». What is the equation of mechanics is also true for the optical and electrodynamical phenomena? Remembering the laws of mechanics, we come to the conclusion - no! Some equations describe the laws of mechanics, the other - optical and electrodynamic laws. There is only one law, which is performed as in mechanics, and optics and electrodynamics. The essence of this law will become clear after consideration of certain phenomena. Suppose, for example, that on the moving vessel experiments to determine the speed of sound on the open deck and an enclosed space - the cabin or the hold of vessel. The laws of mechanics "fair" as in one, and in another case, but in the first case - in carrying out experiments on an open deck - you need to take into account the speed of the ship, while others - in carrying out experiments in a closed room - no. The independence of the phenomena occurring in some systems, the rest of the system or the uniform and rectilinear motion and the essence of the principle of relativity to phenomena of mechanics, which Newton described as follows: «The relative motion of each in relation to other bodies of prisoners (underlined by me - VP) in a space the same, whether that space is at rest, or moves uniformly and rectilinearly without rotation». Note that the name «the principle of relativity» the law was because it refers to the relative motion of one relative to other bodies of prisoners in a space. Thus, in the mechanics of Newton's principle of relativity is not true for all coordinate systems moving uniformly and rectilinearly with speed, but only for those in which the bodies are «prisoners» in these systems. As the Galileo, in carrying out any experiments in the closed cabin of a moving ship vessel «public» all subjects, and also air (in a cabin - VP): «... Retreat from any of the friends in the spacious room below deck ship ... movement of the ship society in all its disciplines, and also air (in a room below deck ship - VP) ». Suppose further that on the open deck of a moving vessel is a container of liquid. And in this case, the speed of sound in the liquid will also be the same regardless of the speed of the vessel, as in this case the movement of the ship "public" and the tank, and located in the liquid. Thus, the mechanics are the same phenomenon in the case where the state of rest or of uniform and rectilinear motion of the coordinate system, which describes these phenomena and the state of rest or motion of the environment, filling the system will be "common." To emphasize this fact, we introduce the concept of a closed physical system, how such a system, the movement which is transmitted in full medium, fills the system. Then the independence of the phenomena of mechanical motion of the state of the system, or the principle of relativity can be formulated as follows: Mechanical phenomena occurring in a closed system, the same, the system is at rest or moving uniformly and rectilinearly without rotation. Now, if we want to extend or generalize the principle of relativity to phenomena of mechanics, and also on the optical and electrodynamic phenomena, the principle we should read as follows: The phenomena of mechanics, electrodynamic and optical phenomena occurring in a closed system, the same, the system is at rest or moving uniformly and rectilinearly without rotation. Suppose, for example, that a future spaceship moves with some velocity in the direction of a star or galaxy. Assume that inside the ship is the Michelson interferometer. Assume also that the second just the same interferometer is installed outside of the ship. Let us assume the existence of a space environment - ether, to which the ship is moving with some velocity. By analogy with the experience on the measurement of sound velocity on the moving vessel, can assert the following: inboard movement of the space environment is absent, so interferometer mounted inside the ship any effect caused by movement of the ship, did not find that exactly corresponds to our proposed principle of relativity; outside of the ship is on the environmental movement interferometer spacecraft space environment, so the motion will be accompanied by a change of interference pattern, corresponding exactly to the speed of the ship on the surrounding space environment. Thus, proposed by Einstein «the principle of relativity» does not take into account the possibility of the existence of closed coordinate systems for which only can be carried out this principle, therefore, can not serve as a basis for establishing the proper scientific theory. Turning now to the study of the postulate of constancy of the speed of light, which Einstein described as follows: «... The light in vacuum is always distributed with a certain speed, independent of the state of motion of emitting body». As is known, in the mechanics of sound is also distributed with a certain speed, independent of the state of motion of emitting body. What does this mean? First of all, that sound is a wave propagating in an elastic medium. Similarly, the independence of the speed of light emitting from a state of motion of the body may mean the recognition of the fact that light is an electromagnetic wave propagating in a medium that has an electromagnetic elasticity. Then the independence of the speed of propagation of the waves radiating from a state of motion of the body means the independence movement (or the rest of the environment) from the emitting body movements, ie full neuvlechenie environment external to the moving emitting body, on the motion of the body. And finally, the independence of the speed of this wave motion of the body emitting the dependence of the speed of light is only on the physical properties of the environment in which distributed the light. Thus, the postulate sets wave nature of light, and nothing more. Irrelevant to the theory of relativity, with its so-called «the relativistic formula for velocity» this premise does not have. The whole theory of relativity is built entirely on a different principle or postulate, which Einstein zapravsky as a circus magician, drag in science was imperceptible manner. We know that the equation of propagation of electromagnetic fields in the fixed coordinate system according to Maxwell is as follows: x2 + y2 + z2 = c2t2 (1) Einstein assumed, for no reason that in the coordinate system moving along the axis OX of the first equation of propagation of electromagnetic field should have the form: x12 + y12 + z12 = c2t12 (2) Easy to see that Einstein assumed that the speed of light in a fixed and moving coordinate systems have a constant value and equal to c. That assumption is the principle of constancy of the speed of light. What this should be? Suppose that a beam of light moves in a way that the fixed-coordinate system for time t, it goes through the path x. The same beam in the moving coordinate system for time t 'pass the path x'. According to Galilee, between x 'and x is the ratio: x '= x - vt (3) Because according to Einstein the speed of light in the moving and fixed systems, there is a constant value and equal to c, it is possible to perform the following steps: x '/ c = x / c - vt / c The ratio of x 'is related to c path traveled by light in the moving coordinate system, the speed of light c, which passed this way, ie x '/ c = t'. Similarly, x / c there is a relevant path traveled by light in a fixed coordinate system, the speed of light c, which passed this way, ie x / c = t. Perform the following steps: vt / c = vtc / cc Piece tc is the product of time on the speed of light, ie path x, which is light for the time t. Given the above, we get: t '= t - vx / c2 (4) Thus, the formula (4) is obtained directly from formula (1) by dividing its left and right parts at the constant value c. Of course, that by dividing (1) to (4), we get the same value of c: x '/ t' = (x - vt) / (t - vx / c2) x '/ t' = (x / t - v) / (t / t - vx / tc) c '= (c - v) / (1 - v / c) = c, (5) then it is possible to state that the ratio of (1) and (4) ensure compliance with the principle of constancy of the speed of light, thus - the principle of relativity, as Einstein understood it, as derived from simple mathematical calculations formula (5) can be called «the relativistic formula for velocity ». Nothing will change if the equation (1) we take the Lorentz equation:  (6) Then, dividing (6) for c, and performing the above transformation, we get equation (7):  (7) As is well known alignment (6) and (7) is called the Lorentz-Einstein transformations, which are no better change (1) and (4). Bearing in mind the transformation of the Lorentz-Einstein, H. Poincare wrote: «not enough to confine a simple comparison of the formulas that are consistent with each other through a fluke, it is necessary that these formulas, so to speak, came in each other. Reason we will not be satisfied until we do not believe that the perceived reason for this reconciliation so well that we think we could predict it ». Now there are grounds to argue that we «saw reason» harmonizing formulas «so well that we think we could predict it» - the so-called relativistic formula for velocity is only a tautology, when the current that is required to prove. As he said at that time Engels: «If such a prerequisite, which already contain a final conclusion, it is enough that dexterity, which is a charlatan, to pull out of the pocket pre-cooked and the result is a rock puff of logic that led to this conclusion» (Anti -- Dyuring). But how can we make sure that the speed of light did not depend on the movement of the light source and depends on the movement of the receiver? Suppose that the light source moves with velocity v along a straight line at point B which is the receiver. Suppose that when the source is located at a distance L of the receiver, it emits a single pulse of light. If the speed of light is not dependent on the traffic source, the time during which a pulse of light will be the path L, is equal to L / c, otherwise it will be equal to L / (c + v). Currently, there is no evidence that the motion of light pulse in the above experiment will be equal to L / (v + c). Thus, one can presume that the speed of light did not depend on the traffic source, which confirms the wave nature of light, moving in a space environment. Suppose further that the receiver is moving with velocity v and at a time when he is at a distance L from the source, the latter emits a light pulse in the direction of the receiver. What will be equal to the movement of momentum from the source to the receiver in this case? If the time will be L / c, the speed of light does not depend on the speed of the receiver. If this time will be L / (c + v) or L / (c - v), depending on the direction of the receiver on the direction of the light pulse, but depends. In the 1675 observing eclipses of Jupiter satellites «Roemer ... found a decrease (hereinafter pointed me - VP) interval between eclipses when the Earth was in the B, and, conversely, delayed the eclipse, when she was in A» [1 .]  As can be seen from the figure shown Mandelstam, while in B, Land is moving forward beam of light coming from the satellite, so the delay is equal to t1 = L / (c + v), where L - distance from Earth to the satellite, v - orbital velocity motion of the Earth. While in A, the Earth is moving in the direction of the beam of light coming from the satellite, so the delay is equal to t2 = L / (c - v). As Roemer set, time t1 is not equal to the time t2, hence, the value of c + v is not equal to the value c - v. In other words, Remera observation showed that the speed of light emerging from the speed of the receiver in accordance with conventional rather than «relativistic» Rules velocity as vectors. This means, contrary to Einstein that the speed of light also depends on the speed of the system of coordinates on the space, as we call it, Wednesday. However, the observation Remera showed that the magnitude of the effect depends only on the direction of orbital velocity of the Earth on the direction of the beam of light coming from the satellite, and is not dependent on the speed of the satellite, hence the speed of light does not depend on the speed of the source of light. So, there is quite convincing evidence that Einstein's theory of relativity is based on assumptions which do not correspond to physical reality. Valery V. Petrov Prospekt Lenina 30, Apt. 9 Nikolaev 54029 Ukraine Literature 1. LI Mandel'shtam. Lectures on optics, the theory of relativity and quantum mechanics. M. Science, 1972. |