Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov, WHO ARE YOU: brilliant scientist and thinker, or ...? 

 

There is not a science that would develop without the knowledge of the phenomenon. Daniel Bernoulli Lomonosov interest to us primarily as a philosopher (paraphrase). P. Stretern genius does not fit within the requirements of any administration, whether it be Russian or Russian Ruediger Thiele 

 

 I'll start my presentation Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov Moscow State University with a completely obscure many facts, no, not his life, and life of the people he represents. This fact alone, I think, quite amazing for a state, in the form of which we have recently existed - the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), in which we are today in a shortened form of continuing to exist - the Russian Federation (RF). November 18, 1936 the day before the 225-year anniversary of the birth of MV Lomonosov Moscow State University main newspaper Pravda powerful state of the twentieth century, the Soviet Union, whose people "forever united Great Russia", the state, led by as its first director was Joseph Dzhugashvili, and as a second - Lazar Kaganovich, published an editorial titled "MV Lomonosov - the genius son of the great Russian people. " Who prepared then this material for printing, I do not know. It is possible that it was written Russian doctor of chemical sciences, Professor BN Menshutkin or academician Vavilov or (? - VS), G. Storm, and all of them co-written by order of the first persons above the aforesaid, and therefore can not assume that it (the article) was first on the reading of the (censored) at the Kremlin. 

 

The article began with the words: "Two hundred and twenty-five years have passed since the birth of Mikhail Lomonosov, the great son of the Russian people, a brilliant scientist, the founder of Russian literature, an outstanding fighter for national independence and dignity of Russian science and literature. Anniversary, this gives grounds for Soviet country to recall with deep appreciation of the man whose legacy has become a valuable part of the iron (not gold, as it is usual to speak in such cases, and an iron - VS) Fund of Russian and world culture. " That could then mean that step in their general basis of the Soviet, but far from non-Russian people? I was particularly struck in this sentence the phrase "cancer fund of Russian culture," because it sounds like a mockery, ridicule, and not the actual merits of the first confirmation of east supermirovogo intellectual class - MV Lomonosov Moscow State University. The article continues: "It was only many years after his death, prominent physicists and chemists have come to the conclusion that Lomonosov was a brilliant scientist, and some of his discoveries and hypotheses (what were these discoveries and hypotheses, the authors do not say - VS ) pre-empt something that came later European scientific thought. Soviet young people should be familiar with University life, because it was a man of great scientific passion. His selfless struggle for science was one of the manifestations of the heroic traits of the great Russian people ... He became a great reformer of the Russian language was to advances in science are understandable and close to the people. " Today the answer to the question: cunning, or was sincere when Pravda and in her face IV Dzhugashvili and LM Kaganovich against MV Lomonosov Moscow State University - both easy and hard, because next year in this country of the "great Russian people", "country of genius son of the Russian people, Moscow State University," began a horrible process of mass destruction, namely the intellectuals of the nation that gave birth to humanity "genius" University, including intellectuals and world-class supermirovogo. And yet, really, is it really so great was this Russian man of the people - MV Lomonosov? Quote the words from the article "Pravda" on the issue, frankly, impossible. Nothing! Hence has not been evaluated then a truly Russian man, Russian science, the Russian people, Russian (Russian is, East-right? Eurasian right? Turanian it?) State MV Lomonosov. On the first leaders of the Soviet state at that time I have to say I do not. But in this I see their main task. November 19, 1961, Moscow once again solemnly (an even more solemn than it was in 1936!) We now have the date of the 250 th anniversary of "the genius son of the Russian people." Taken in quotes words - this is all heading in the same newspaper Pravda, only for the November 19, 1961. If we compare this group of words with the title of the article of Lomonosov for November 18, 1936, you can see from this that the phrase "the great Russian people", the word "great" had already disappeared. I think it was a symptom. And it is not easy. In the room were made by the winner of the Stalin Prize in 1952 Academician Topchiev article entitled "Immortality", academician L. Shevyakov article "His ideas were ahead of the century and winner of the Stalin Prize in 1952 for his book" Mikhail Lomonosov "Morozov. Here's what he wrote in his newspaper work "specialist in nitration galogenerirovaniya, alkylation and polymerization of hydrocarbons, silicones and industrial catalysis Academician Topchiev (1907-1962):" Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov - inspired thinker, glory and pride of Russian science, its founder, who lifted the world science to a new level. World Science owes Lomonosov greatest discoveries, which have predetermined the development of science a century forward to the present day. His scientific legacy to this day, for two centuries to nourish science. Lomonosov, the discoverer of the universal law of nature - the law of conservation of matter and motion. He laid a solid foundation of domestic linguistics. Ideas (what? - VS) University immortal. Science does not abandon these ideas. Let live, grow and win Lomonosov traditions of our science! "And this in an article by Topchieva" Immortality of the MV Lomonosov - "the brilliant son of the Russian people" ("great Russian people" - on the wording of the newspaper Pravda for 18.11.1936 g.) - EVERYTHING! . From the article "His ideas are ahead of the century" of L. Shevyakova (1889-1963) - a prominent expert in mining affairs of the country I am nothing more or less significant on the MV Lomonosov could not subtract. From an article by A. Morozov, "The Guardian Sciences increment" I have allocated only this: "Perhaps nowhere in all of Russia at that time so did not appreciate letter and book wisdom", so not attracted to her, as on the White Sea north. People experience a huge, public practical mind and thirst for knowledge, as it were embodied in Lomonosov. In the face of it the Russian people for the first time (first time right? - VS) with extraordinary force revealed its potential, has shown its ability and acuity in the sciences. "The human mind - leads Morozov words of Pushkin - in simple folk expression, not a prophet, and ugadchik, he sees the general course of things and can put out of the deep assumption thereof, is often justified by time." I must say that these words Morozov me quite a "very" impressed, because they can help in a different way to look at a person is really brilliant son of a truly great Russian people - Great people. But this passage from the AA Morozov will help to understand the personality of the great Russian mathematician beginning of the XVIII century Leontius Povich Magnitsky (and his modern followers), "Arithmetic" by Mikhail Lomonosov, along with the "grammar" is another great Russian scientist of the XVII century linguist Millet Smotrytsky, dissolved in Poland called the "gate" of his "scholarship". "Lomonosov condemned the" timid fools "- from the number of people literate, light absorbers and enemies of the mind, preventing" the increment of Sciences. From the opening speech, the president of the Academy of Sciences Academician Keldysh, entitled "Great example of serving the people", uttered by him on the meeting devoted to 250 anniversary of Moscow State University, I can select only one worthwhile phrase: "The greatest scientific discovery of Governors is "a universal natural law", that is the law of conservation of matter and motion (all? - VS). Academician Topchiev in his report, delivered as at the solemn meeting, repeating the above in the room for 18 November, added: "The works of MV Lomonosov Moscow State University found certain motifs from the works of Descartes, Boyle, Huygens, Newton, Leibniz, Bernoulli , Euler. But, starting from a very controversial scientific and philosophical systems, based on the amount of experience and own eksperimenalnyh research, he created a completely original and complete system of natural beliefs. In the developed world picture of the central place is occupied by the principle of conservation of matter and motion. In 1760 in the Russian version (there is also the Latin version - VS) work "Discourse on the hardness and liquid bodies in the formulation of this law Mikhail Lomonosov, the word" movement "had used the word (the term - VS) "strength." Indeed, this is power! In 70-ies. XIX century English scientist Dzh.Tomson introduce a new concept, which he termed "energy." That is power! The unknown author of the article "Our Lomonosov," published in Pravda for November 21, 1961 wrote: "Lomonosov stepped across caste and class divide of Tsarist Russia and the simple boy turned into the enlightened man of Europe, became coryphaeus world civilization." "Coryphaeus world civilization!" - Very cool! But this, I repeat, of the great discoveries of the "great son of the Russian people," MV Lomonosov Moscow State University in four rooms of the newspaper Soviet Marxists "The Truth" - EVERYTHING! (Pravda, the 11/18/1936, 18/11/1961, the, city 11/21/1961; 22. 11.1961 city). So, who was also great that simple, and probably not very easy slavyanoruss? What was great eastern Slav Lomonosov? What a genius! And so he really was great? Is it so he was a genius, of course, the results of his philosophical and scientific works? After all, the same professor BN Menshutkin in 1911, wrote: "Losonosov is one of the most prominent Russian chemists (even if only to chemists! - VS), more than a century ahead of his time (or chemistry as a science? - VS). He had received a comprehensive scientific education, at the base of which lay the mathematical philosophy (? -V.S.), Enabled him to successfully develop those key issues affecting the physics, chemistry, and mathematics, in which all apparent sagacity of his views and the wealth of the most daring and new ideas for its time. " Further, BN Menshutkin says: "All the research I have here Lomonosov remained without any influence on the development of a completely similar theories of the XIX century, as in this century, his research had completely forgotten." Wow! Here is a score! That is an understanding that made a "simple Russian guy"! Or: "Lomonosov was made in the years 1752-1755. number of physical and chemical experiments, of which only very few have reached us (? -V.S.) "(ibid., sec. 68). Or - "Experiments Lavoisier became world famous, the experiments of the same University nobody knows, and even many Russian chemists do not find it necessary to mention it." Or - "Work on" saltpetre "Lomonosov now - continues BN Menshutkin - no interest, it was written hastily and almost all (? -V.S.) Contains no chemical experiments, which is understandable: while composing thesis and chemical laboratory of the Academy was not yet ready. " "The thesis of the" Lordship of metals "MV Lomonosov now is of no interest." And so creative "genius" MV Lomonosov BN Menshutkin rated literally on every page of his "remarkable" book. Not rescued in this case, even his so loud the phrase: "Of all his contemporaries the only one L. Euler understood the full significance of works of Lomonosov Moscow State University (10). Of course, the MV Lomonosov not discovered oxygen, did not invent the "atomic weight of the chemical elements", not introduced the concept of "equivalence", etc. etc. But I declare, all this and more without the University later could not be. So again I ask myself: What is great is our countryman, the scholar and philosopher Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov? Yayazykovedcheskuyu and literary activities it I do not take into account. Incidentally, the day of his death, Newton (1727) had in England, only 20 people - his followers, who, to some extent understood and accepted his ideas presented to them in the paper "The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy" (VA Kartsev P. Newton. Moscow, 1987, s.224). At Moscow State University, it turns out, to date there is no successor, no scientist, to understand its ideas (except for Euler), but unfortunately he was not a follower of the University, because he was an original genius. In 1961, when the MV Lomonosov birthday celebrated its 250 years, the Great Russians: discoverer of the Periodic law and the inventor of the Periodic Table of chemical elements of Mendeleyev (1834-1907) - 127 years, the founder of modern intellektologii Sechenov (1809-1905) - 132 years, the founder of theoretical astronautics, KE Tsiolkovskogomu (1857-1935) - 104 years, the founder of Chemical Physics, creator of the theory of thermal explosion of gas mixtures and chain reactions of Nikolai Nikolaevich Semenov (1896-1986) - 65 years , the founder of practical space Sergei Pavlovich Korolev (1906-1966) - 55 years, "Magellan" near-Earth space expanses Senior Lieutenant Yuri Gagarin - 27 years. But we remember that Mendeleev, Sechenov, Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, NN Semenov, Sergei Korolev, Gagarin and many other great Russian scientists and specialists began with the work of 25-28-year-MV Lomonosov Moscow State University: "Elements of Mathematical Chemistry", "The experience of the elasticity of air," "On the birth and the nature of ammonium nitrate," Physical thinking about the causes of heat and cold. " Yes, these people, but what about Russia? All new intellectual Planet of the second half of XVIII century began with these works "simple Russian guy" - Mikhail Lomonosov! Above mentioned date and the achievements of "outstanding" (?) Intellectual Russia - Mikhail Lomonosov in the late 50's - early 60's. Twentieth century was devoted to a lot of books, articles, speeches and so on. and so on. Touch on some of them. Here, for example, "speech delivered to the Division of Mathematical and Physical Sciences of the USSR, dedicated to 250 - anniversary of Moscow State University, delivered the Russian Nobel laureate Kapitza - the beloved disciple English scientist Rutherford. He begins his speech devoted to "Arkhangelsk peasant" (the words of Peter Leonidovich - VS) MV Lomonosov thus: "Talking about Lomonosov pleasant, how pleasant conversation with one of the original geniuses in the history of human culture. Now speak of Lomonosov difficult because we all at school seems to be very well acquainted with his manner and the results of his mighty work. It is difficult to say anything new, since already in the 200 years of life and work of University comprehensively studied and discussed. Although some aspects of the University and criticized, but all, without exception, spoke of him with great reverence and acknowledge his enormous influence on the development of our national culture - language, literature, education, technology and science. Great progressive significance of Lomonosov Moscow State University was recognized in pre-revolutionary times, it is recognized now. Already in the last century, has always solemnly observed the anniversary date of his birth and death. Nowadays these celebrations (on the occasion of birthdays and deaths, and not the result of activity? - VS) are becoming more and more large, nationwide scale, "- says Kapitza. "The larger man - reminds Kapitza, - the more contradictions in himself and the more contradictions in those tasks which are put before him life. The range of these contradictions is a measure of the genius of man. Contradictions in the very nature of Lomonosov and contradictions, which flowed his life, were extremely high. More difficult to find a contradiction in the fate of "Archangel, a peasant, living and working among the court elite and the nobility, - says Kapitza. It turns out, according to PL Kapitza Lomonosov was brilliant especially "his great contradictions. Peter L. evidently forgot that in 1745 Lomonosov was appointed professor in the Department of Chemistry, St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences, that is, was recognized as a full member, in contemporary language - elected as an academician, and in 1757 became its Chancellor, that is, the vice-president. People of the highest intellectual level in Russia at that time among the Russian was just two people: MV Lomonosov (1711-1765) and VK Trediakovskii (1703-1768), incidentally, also a native of a poor family (only - . S.) Astrakhan Popovich. - Lomonosov - continues Kapitza - a progressive public figure, he saw the need for public education and science, fought against superstition and prejudice, but for his work, he had to rely on the nobles of the court. Why? MV Sorry! Why? Why?