The text of the original in Russian


Dedicated to the blessed memory of Felix I. Gorbatsevich 

Volatile environment and the universe 

Volatile environment and the universe. Monogr. - St. Petersburg: Izd ALPHA stamp, 2004. 112 pp., Will. 


A place and role of ether in the universe. Air appears as a pervasive environment, 
consisting of particles of two equal but opposite sign, of species. Air has a certain density of electromagnetic and elastic. Identified and attributed to the category of space and time. Substantiate the nature of the observed electromagnetic phenomena, as well as inertia and gravity. This book is for anyone interested in foundations of physics universe.

F.F. Gorbatsevich.

The Ether and Universe

Scientific notions of the cosmos have their origins in the concepts of space, time and matter. Assumption of the postulates of both special theory of relativity and general theory of relativity has not allowed getting a non-contradictory physical model of the universe. We propose the following idea of the universe. Space embraces everything. It is non-deformable, three-dimensional, Euclidean. The visible space is filled by with ethereal medium. The physical model of the ethereal medium consists of two equal, but opposite in sign, types of particles. The particles are strongly attracted together forming a homogeneous space. Opposite in sign its particles move relative to each other frictionless. In the ethereal medium linear, circular and other movements of physical bodies as well as shear deformations may exist infinitely long. A magnetic field is the consequence of torsion, shear deformations of the ethereal medium. The ethereal medium has a certain electromagnetic density and elasticity. Physical bodies (elementary particles, gases, liquids, solid bodies, plasma et al.) take place in the space and ethereal medium. Gravitational influence of one physical body on the other is realized by means of the ethereal medium. Dynamical processes in the ethereal medium and movements of physical bodies may be fixed in time. Time is local, irreversible, one-dimensional, unilateral, - from the past to the future.

"There should not take in the nature of other reasons, beyond those necessary and sufficient to explain the phenomena. For nature is simple and does not roskoshestvuet unnecessary reasons. " 
I. Newton. Collection of articles. 
М.-Л., Izd AN SSSR, 1943 

1. Introduction 
The basis of scientific knowledge about the world around us is based on notions of space, time and matter. One of the theories about the universe - the special theory of relativity (SRT) postulates the principle of unity of the categories of space and time. At the same time, SRT denies the existence of special material - ether or vacuum, which is known to be subject to all kinds of electromagnetic waves. Adoption of the postulates of SRT, and the general theory 
relativity (GR) has not yielded consistent physical model which would combine the observed phenomena in the field of gravitation and electromagnetism [1]. This situation has existed for nearly a hundred years, and in the opinion of many prominent scientists (V. Ritz, A. Poincare, M. Reyhenbah, VF Mitkevich, NP Kasterin, AK Тимирязев, L. Бриллюэн) demonstrates a deep the decline of our understanding of the basics of the universe. In our view, correct the current situation will allow the creation of physical models of vacuum (air environment) is consistent with the known phenomena in the distribution of light and electromagnetic waves, as well as explaining the nature of inertia and gravity. 

Newton was represented in the timely flow of light as corpuscles, ie particulate propagating rectilinearly. At a meeting with an obstacle (a mirror) takiekorpuskuly jumping away just as the balls bounce from tverdoypoverhnosti. Wave theory of light developed H. Huygens. In the "Treatise lighting," he believed that the light is distributed in the form of an elastic pulse in a special environment - air, fills the entire space. Works with certainty Fresnel showed that light has a wave nature. Hertz's experiments confirmed the assumption by D. Maxwell for the electromagnetic nature of light waves. 
   At the same time, the electromagnetic wave theory of light is not free from controversy. For example, just know that in a wave of displacement occurred in a direction transverse to the direction of propagation. However, this kind of bias is typical for solids. Very high speed P = 2,9979246 ∙ 108 m / sec [2] and very low attenuation in the distribution of light from very distant galaxies leads to the conclusion that the ether, as a carrier of electromagnetic waves, similar to the properties of absolutely rigid body with a very high elasticity . At the same time, air friction can not penetrate the physical body and all these bodies, including the firm can freely move in the air. 
As can be seen from this, has not yet been worked out logically consistent physical theory of the ether (vacuum). At the same time, the denial of the existence of ether mean refusal of svetonosnoy environment, delivering us from the sun life-giving energy. At home everyday, each of us enjoys radio and television, receiving around the Earth through the ether useful signal from the near-space. And it is the wave equation derived from the assumption of the existence of a medium with defined and well-known properties [3] allow to calculate the exact trajectory of propagation of electromagnetic waves. Opening of astronomers in the universe of so-called «hidden matter» is the urgent need to return to the development of the theory of air environment. 
There are two basic models of the ether. In one of these broadcasts is understood as a fluid (liquid or gas) with special properties. However, the behavior of gases and liquids subject to the laws of statistics, accompanied by a change of one type of energy to another, the instability of all kinds. It is a great uniformity of air environment is in favor of a second - kvazitverdoy model. 
On the basis of the model ester kvazitverdoy we explained the known electrical and magnetic phenomena. We show that the movement in the air at the speed of light requires an infinitely large energy. When moving a charged body in the air environment of Galileo's principle is not respected. Fizo experience can be explained by the fact that the physical body electromagnetic fluctuations undergo a longer way than in free air. 
The following concept of universe. All obemlet space. It is not deformable, Euclidean and three-dimensionally. Visible space is filled with air environment. Air appears as a pervasive medium, consisting of particles of two equal but opposite sign, of species. Air has a certain density of electromagnetic and elastic. Under the influence of external physical bodies and the electromagnetic fields of air environment can be deformed and its density in different locations may be different. Volatile environment may be static and dynamic, shear, torsion, torsion deformation. It is the basis for the distribution of electromagnetic waves and the transfer of gravitational effects of physical bodies on each other. The physical body (the elementary particles, gases, liquids, solids, plasma, etc.) are placed in the space and air environments. They are permeable to air Wednesday. The gravitational effect of a physical body to another is effected by air environment. Dynamic processes in air traffic environment and physical bodies can be fixed in time. Time locally irreversible one, odnonapravleno - from past to future. 

2. The historical development of the concept of the ether 

The earliest written evidence about the matter and vacuum are known to us from 
works of philosophers of China and Greece [4, 5]. In the middle of the first millennium BC Chinese philosopher, was put forward the hypothesis that all that exists is composed of two opposite sign began - Yin and Yang [4]. 
Yin and yang - a category that express the idea of duality of the world: the passive and active, soft and hard, internal and external, male and female, earth and heaven, etc. In traditional cosmogony emergence of categories of yin and yang signifies the first step of the chaotic primeval unity of air (qi) to the diversity observed in the universe. The philosopher Lao Tzu said that yin and yang not only development but also the device of all things in the world. 

Philosophers of Ancient Greece to fully address the concerns universe and cosmogony. 

It is they who gave the name of the broadcast pervasive, elusive, not subject matter of our feelings. The most consistent model for us to broadcast, Democritus proposed [5]. He argued that all elementary particles are амеры - truly indivisible, without parts. Amer, as part of atoms have properties quite different from the properties of atoms - when atoms are inherent in the gravity, the амеры completely deprived of this property. All the same set of Amer, moving in a vacuum, for Anaksimandru, is a common global environment, ether or apeyronom. 
Although the phenomena related to electricity and magnetism were known in ancient times, the history of science on magnetism and electricity starts with the work of the court physician of Queen Elizabeth of Britain Gilbert, published in 1600 [6]. Gilbert noticed many differences between electric and magnetic forces. Magnetic stone does not need to rub, like glass or sulfur, to give effect to its magnetic properties. Magnetic stone attracts only the substance that it can drag, but electrify objects attract all. At the magnetic attraction does not affect a piece of paper or a piece of canvas, placed between the bodies, did not affect him, and immersion of the bodies in the water, while electrical attraction easily upset by means of screens. 
Finally, the magnetic force is seeking to orient the body in a certain direction, and the electric force is seeking to join them in a shapeless group. 
Creators of the foundations of modern mathematics and physics considered broadcast material environment. For example, Rene Descartes wrote that the space is completely filled with all matter. Education visible matter, the planets, according to Descartes, comes from the vortex air. Newton argued that believing "that one body can affect another, is it some distance through a vacuum without any" middlemen "... .- so absurd to me that in my opinion, no one who has even would have the slightest understanding of the philosophical matter, can not believe it "[7]. At the end of his life, Isaac Newton explained the existence of gravitational forces of air pressure environment on the material body. According to its latest attitudes, the gradient density of ether is necessary, in order to tear the body of the more dense areas of the ether to a less dense. However, that attraction was displayed in such manner as it is observed by us, the ether, at Newton, possess very high elasticity. 
Studying the properties of ether pursue the following generations of scientists. It turned out that the focal length = achromatic telescope should be increased if it is sent to the star, which moves the Earth [8]. Arago concluded that the light emanating from a star, in all cases, reflection and refraction is behaving exactly as he did to himself, if the star was on the spot, which she apparently took as a result of aberrations, and Land would have at rest. 
Fresnel Jung accepted the offer that the refractivity of transparent bodies depends on the concentration of the ether and began to develop the theory of interaction of the ether with matter. That's what E. Whittaker writes about this in his excellent review on the history of the development of understanding of air and electricity [8]. "Arago said that assumption, assuming that the density of the ether in any body is proportional to the square of the refractive index." Thus, if denotes the speed of light in vacuum, and the C1 - the speed of light in the material body, which is at rest, so that m = s/s1 - index of refraction, the density of the ether and r r1 in interplanetary space and the body respectively, will involve the ratio r1 = m2r. 
Then the Fresnel assumed that the motion of the body carries away part of being in the ether, namely, the part that is an excess density of the ether, as compared with the density of ether in vacuum, while the rest of broadcast television in that motionless. Thus, the density of the ether is moving (r1 - r) or (m2 - 1) r, a broadcast with a density of r remains fixed. Then the rate at which the center of gravity of the ether in the body moves forward in the direction of propagation, is equal to [(m2 - 1) / (m2)] w, where w denotes the component of velocity of the body in that direction. 



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