Improving the efficiency of internal combustion engines Print E-mail
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Written by Юрий РужинÑкий   
Wednesday, 02 April 2008
Transferred via translate.google.com 

Modern industrial life simply impossible without the internal combustion engine (ICE). It is their continuous improvement. And the fact that yesterday was fiction, it is worth to serial machines (eg: vpryskovye petrol engines or a regulated gas distribution phase). Most of the core engine by forcing the engine have more power. 
 There are two ways to advance: 
increase in internal displacement engine by changing the linear dimensions of the cylinders or the use of boost (turbo with interkullerom) to increase the amount of fuel mixture without increasing the size tsilindroporshnevoy group. 
The second way is often preferable, especially for diesel, with an increased supply of mechanical strength. Turbo works as follows: the exhaust gases that are downstream of the engine have enough energy (and, incidentally, a diesel engine it is 5-10% higher than the internal combustion engine, Otto), is brought into a small high-speed turbinku, which is to foster additional air into the cylinders, allowing you to thereby increase the fuel. 
Increasing the unit power of the engine reduces the toxicity of exhaust. 
But the turbo has some shortcomings. 
 
This, above all, the nonlinearity of the turbines - slow «Catch», depending on engine speed. Many turbo with no additional external electric power, is very reluctant to untwisted «nizah», when actually you want maximum power. 
Another significant disadvantage of turbochargers - a fairly high cost of the product (amounting to 30-40% of the cost of the engine), and its services, due to precision manufacturing technology and high cost of high fire-resistant steels (up to ceramic case has not yet been reached). 

I propose to take the third path. 
We know that the air which is fed into the cylinders is at 78% of the nitrogen and 21% - of oxygen. For the combustion of fuel is only oxidizer (oxygen), while the remaining gases are simply ballast. Moreover, in the combustion chamber formed by a wide range of harmful substances, which must be subsequently decomposed in the catalytic converter. In the worst case - all this crap just released into the atmosphere. Is well known that the car is a major air pollutants on Zemle.Tak here, and that if the lodge before the air in the cylinders, not to hold it further enrichment, increase the content of O2 and reduce the N2? Modern technology is pozvolyayut.Esche in 1985 at the Institute of Atomic Energy. Kurchatov under the direction of Corresponding Member of USSR Academy of Sciences VD Rusanova established membrane material in the form of hollow microfibre ( «graviton») with the outer diameter of the tubes only 60 microns. The initial gas mixture (air) under some pressure fed into the fiber and more penetrating components (O2), after passing through its wall thickness of 10-12 microns, are collected in mezhvolokonnom space, and then otsasyvayutsya.Eto so-called diffusion polymeric membrane, the structure of which is that molecules of a certain gas exceptionally well for them sorbing, soluble and membrane diffundiruyut.Sozdannye atomic units of air at 1 m 3 working volume are approximately 15,000 m2 of single fiber konstruktsiy.Rabotaya scheme can be obtained at the outlet of the air enriched with O2 to 35 -- 40%. In other words, without increasing the internal air pressure inside the cylinders of the engine, you can achieve the degree of compression 2:1 and increase the number of fuel almost doubled (although usually are content coefficient 1,2-1,5). What is the use of enriched air and the membrane installation is better turbo? First of all, for the supply of air to the membrane can be used more than a simple turbine-supercharger, which is much larger outer diameter and a lower tip speed (instead of 100,000 rpm the whole 3-5 thousand rpm). The outer ring of small working turbine blade, transferring the energy of exhaust gas engine working on the internal injection blade. Indeed, the complex turns into a banal turbo turboventilyator with great air flow and small davleniem.Dalee, more fully and effectively in the process of combustion of fuel mixture in the cylinders of the engine, because no inert gases (CO2, NO2), exhaust is much cleaner.
 
The situation aggravates the engine management system with the lambda-probe with a catalytic converter. A reduction in fuel consumption even at 3-5% is considered a great achievement. By anti interventions can be of level (mnogovpryskovoe) combustion of fuel mixture, as well as the introduction into the cylinder for a number of H2O (as a damper). Cleaned and oxygen-enriched air can also be sent to the car. We know that in an urban setting, and - especially in traffic jams, the passengers breathe the gas mixture is slightly reminiscent of mountain air, with all its consequences (headache, fatigue, decrease in activity of thinking, cancer). The air that has passed through membrane filters, are deprived of various carcinogenic elements present in the exhaust gases and dust inclusions. Moreover, membrane purification, in principle, not achievable by any conventional filter (paper, synthetic, etc.), because filtration of gases occurs at the molecular urovne.Predpolagaetsya that the increase in the cost of the engine with the membrane filter would be 10-15%, which is much smaller in the case of turbokompressora.Vmeste to cause some concern stoichiometric change in engine characteristics, the additional study and regulation in the transition more activated air. It seems that the engine will increase the propensity for detonation and ignition of gas, but these shortcomings, in principle, easily be solved by modern systems of power motor with electronic control. 
 I would like also to note that the real alternative to a modern engine (Wankel, Diesel, Otto, Stirling) is not (as well as hydrocarbons), and the reserves for their further modernization approaching limits imposed by physical and chemical characteristics of materials and fuels. 
Therefore, this development can be very useful in further modernizing and improving the internal combustion engine, the more that it does not require any major changes in the design of the engine. 

  / "O TRAKTAT decrease of entropy, vol II, issue number 2 /  
 

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