Protecting a car and a pedestrian with a car accident Print E-mail
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Written by Борис Смирнов   
Thursday, 04 September 2008
The text of the original in Russian 

 Passive safety every year becomes more and more important. The life of drivers, passengers and pedestrians put in the first place. Today, when purchasing, the future owner chooses not only beautiful and comfortable, but safe car. 
Currently, in the automobile world, all efforts aimed at the designers' mitigate 'the impact of vehicle barrier. Make it stop may be less dramatic due to the death of the body (front or rear part thereof), to rescue the driver and passengers. This concept, patented by  

 Daimler Benz in 1952, should be considered worthy of review and upgrading for modern cars. Modern cars, with their elegant exterior, with each year becoming more expensive. Any, even minor damage to them, is an expensive repair. Therefore, should be created such protection, which could take a hit when an accident while protecting the vehicle from destruction. Of particular danger to the driver and his company represent the cab bezkapotnyh cars and buses. The front wall of the cab with a panoramic glass weak to protect them. The symposium "Passive safety trucks" announced impressive figures. For example, the timber allows the driver to run cars to go live from a collision with a truck at a total speed of 65 km / h! And this, by the way, 20 000 lives 
per year. A further 12 000 drivers were left to live, should have the truck at least 600-millimeter energy (deflected) in front of the zone, that is ... hood. So do not fear a collision, even at a total speed of 90 km / h. 
 Kapotny prototype developed and tested Scania, confirming the assessment of scientists. Alas, nothing for nothing: the tractor had to make long and 350 kg heavier. Of course, for the 40-tonne of three and a half hundredweight no weight, and decrease net long road could be offset by modifying the legislators, the existing norms. 
She was more deformable zone can also save zazevavshegosya pedestrian, while the blow of a flat "wall" of today's truck does not leave him no chance to survive. 

 Great attention is paid to design the car to rescue a pedestrian. High bumper provides for the lower extremities particularly dangerous. Before designers the European Union aims to reduce the location of the bumper. 
To solve all these problems, the car must be equipped with an additional system to prevent or 'softening' of the car hit an obstacle and saving pedestrian collision with his car set is achieved by equipping the car an additional shock-absorbing bumper, which automatically advances to the core 
bumper cars, the time interval from the start of emergency braking and the car until the moment of collision with an obstacle. And in order to save a pedestrian in the design of the bumper must be mounted airbag to prevent head impact on the windscreen and eliminate its rebound from the bonnet and falling on the roadbed. The technical result is achieved that the main elements of design are automatically nominating Damping bumpers, shock absorbers are unilateral actions, such as hydraulic shock absorbers. The rear part of the design of longitudinal bar connected to the car and the front is located at the bottom of the main front bumper, at the thresholds of the car body. To align the bumper to its original position, 
design equipped with a gas. And so, when the current emergency road situations, and anticipating a car collision with an obstacle, the driver abruptly and with a force push on the brake pedal. (In this situation, the force pressing the brake pedal can be as high as 70-100 kg, while, in normal or sport driving style, it does not exceed 30-40 kg). It is with this emergency braking, the signal from the brake pedal is transmitted to the electronic control unit, which signal in the form of email. pulse 'starts gas, which in turn affects the bumper and he was nominated by bringing forward of the main bumper, took a' working 'status. Then, when the shock-absorbing bumper regard to the obstacles and the vehicle continues to move on it, there is compression of shock absorbers, as a result - 'softened' strike and is not a hard blow on a car barrier. 

 Equipping a car shock-absorbing bumper located at the threshold, to improve side impact protection, with both cars. In this case, the 'softening' strike is not accounted for in the central pillar or the door of the car, and in the threshold, which, together with the floor is a whole and has considerable strength. At the same time, people in the car, will not be a shock load, and the cushion would have to lower hips of the torso, seated in the struck car. 
When you run over a pedestrian, reduced the severity of injury, because stroke accounted for below the knee joint. In addition, at the time of touching the bumper on the lower limbs pedestrian occurs filling the airbag mounted in the bumper and this is commensurate with the growth of adult and the length of the bumper. Pillow (mattress), done in such a way that has three equal longitudinal air cavities. The two sides are connected with the average cavity through direct valves. Average cavity has a side of self, which is in the hood and two side have adhesive strips on the edges. 
Pedestrian, whipped a moving car, falling on the hood, tilt the airbag. Average cavity pillow attached to the bonnet. It increases the pressure (blow extinguished and excludes the body rebound from the hood), the valves are opened and gas is moving in the lateral cavity, increasing their volume. Filled with gas from a cavity, the side cavities adjoin their self gluing strips and kept in its' embrace 'the pedestrian, not letting him fall to the roadbed. 
It should be noted that this method can not be a panacea, and to ensure safety at all speeds. However, at moderate speeds, significantly reducing the number of damaged cars and injured pedestrians 
Protection for pedestrians and car parking in the back. 

 Parking in reverse is one of the hardest elements of driving. There is hardly a driver, which would not have any incident with the maneuver. On average, every 4-5 years, this happens with every driver. Movement in reverse does not safeguard against unfortunate accidents and collisions with various obstacles: barrier, border, another car or pedestrian. Replacement of the rear of a modern car costs a decent amount. Not many cars today are equipped with systems of care for parking, and even those that are installed on expensive cars, only to warn the driver of the dangerous approach to obstacles and can not prevent a collision, and therefore damage. 
Test vehicles with parking in reverse at a speed of 5 miles per hour (8km/chas) of the American Instituiom insurance road safety IIHS (Insurance Institute for Highway Safety) show that the modern car bumpers do not ensure their safety. This destroys itself bumper, body panel, lights, fenders and rear doors. The amount of repair ranges from several hundred to several thousand dollars, depending on the value of the car and the type of test. (Four types of tests). 

 This destruction can be prevented by equipping the car an additional shock-absorbing bumper, which automatically advanced from the main rear bumper car (with the dimensions of the car), when the driver 
transfer of 'reverse', and took a position at the level of thresholds. 
The essence of this protection is that the whole construction of additional bumper mounted to the bottom trunk. The main role in this design perform two pusher, each of which is to 'his' rear wheel. 
When the driver of the transfer of 'reverse', includes servo, which puts the entire structure to a horizontal position. At a time when moving back car bumper on the obstacle or a pedestrian, the whole attack takes the shock-absorbing bumper protecting the vehicle from damage. 
Equipping the car making the rear shock-absorbing bumper located at the level of thresholds, vehicle, provides better protection during side collision in the struck car. In this case, the 'softening' strike is not accounted for in the central pillar or the door of the car, and in the threshold, which, together with the floor is a whole and has considerable strength. In doing so, people in the lounges of both cars, not 
experience a shock load. 
In the event run over a pedestrian, the bumper will not hurt the knee joint of the legs.  
 

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