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Technique Technique | Auto The factory on the cultivation of cars
Technique Technique | Auto The factory on the cultivation of cars
| The factory on the cultivation of cars |
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| Written by Юрий РужинÑкий | |
| Wednesday, 02 April 2008 | |
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I think that to prove the fact that the further motorization throughout the earth (even despite the sharp rise in the cost of fuel) you just inevitable, no. New models, new technologies are being introduced throughout its production. However, there is a worldwide trend of globalization, when some car companies are merging into a powerful avtokontserny (eg, Daimler-Chrysler), and the number of base models and varieties has been declining steadily. Thus, it has become quite common that a single platform with minor external changes vehicles are produced under several trademarks, brands (eg, DAEWOO MATIZ, CHERY QQ (SWEET) and CHEVROLET SPARK). In general, in the opinion of the leading automotive analyst in the very near future, all avtogiganty move to a significant reduction in the overall lineup, leaving in each class (A, B, C, D) on 4-5 basic standardized platform. Of course, that foreign "clothes" may be purely individual, but all bearing construction vehicles and their engines, transmissions will be virtually identical to that in America, in Europe, in Asia. And this trend is a logical sense, because designing, testing and debugging, mass production of several base platforms always economically feasible to develop and release a few dozen individual models. It is therefore quite natural that the requirements for designs external body only effort (including time), because "internal" all will be virtually identical. However, many buyers want to be more individual, exclusive forms and proportions of his car, several different models of mass and beyond the normal tuning dorabotok.No all the trouble is that the exterior body panels so just for the sake of fashion or personal tastes of the consumer does not change because this is a complex and costly process (above all - to change the dies and press equipment), and manufacture of exclusive body panels fiberglass was too difficult and expensive. I would like to invite to consider the idea of the production of exterior panels facing car by electrotype. Internal power frame and platform are taken from the serial car and made the traditional and the cheapest way - by rolling the metal, the stamping and welding. At first glance, the idea may seem absurd, but let's weigh the pros and cons. To begin as soon as a reservation, that the exterior body panels, manufactured by electrotype, not intended for low-cost mass production and mass, because real alternative presses does not exist yet. Inheritance electrotype (its consumer niche) - individual or exclusive models (including those made by their own design projects), elements of old and vintage cars (parts), a partial body tuning serial models (bonnet lid, side doors, bumpers), creation of special. cars (sports, advanced concepts, experimental), etc. In total car production share of cars with the elements of the body performed by electrotype could be 0,1-1%, and this in the future - more than 200 thousand cars per year. Using electrochemical formula (in particular, 1 Faraday law), we can determine that for galvanic deposition of metal (Fe) weighing 100 kg (ie 80-100 kg weigh exterior car body panels) would require about 650 kWh of electricity. These calculations are confirmed and consolidated tables of engineering encyclopedic handbook (section "Design of shops metallopokryty, Volume number 14, p. 305). If we take the current value of 1 kWh of electricity (0.3 grn.), The cost of electricity would be about 200 UAH. Cost of body panels, taking into account the whole technological cycle electrotype (multi-layer coating, washing, drying, degreasing, etc.), excluding the cost of design and manufacture of the matrix may increase in the 1,5-2 times and reach 300-400 UAH. So, as we can see and be seen further, the total cost share of electricity (which is usually all so afraid of) not so great. Production of matrix body panels (such as piece goods, and Low) can be produced on an automated machine trehkoordinatnom type plotter, whose cutting tool (knife, cutter) bar handles made of plastic or paraffin. After finishing polishing the surface of the matrix it napylyayut conductive graphite layer, and place them in a working bath for galvanizing. Piece manufacture of complete set of matrices, of course, much udorozhaet the final cost of body panels. But first, you can take advantage of previously developed projects and matrices. Secondly, will not always be the need for complete replacement of all exterior panels of the car, would be sufficient to replace only a few. Third, in the manufacture of exclusive models on the price is usually not worth it. And fourthly, the production of individual body products virtually any configuration offers a truly unlimited opportunities for designers, designers, and for the owners of the car. For example, suppose a car suddenly wanted to make a gift to a friend Iron in the form of easy tuning. But at the same sovkovye plastic linings or protivotumanki shirochennye wheel vypirayuschie for body dimensions, it does not suit you. He - esthete, and wanted something appropriate. The easiest option - to upgrade the front cover the bonnet: a more expressive longitudinal "podshtampovki" to a radiator, and under the windscreen place tidy bracing "nostril" air simulator turbonadduv.Oformiv their thoughts, avtovladelets on the Internet associated with the manufacturer, and draws up the order, indicating the brand of their car, year of manufacture and design suggestions (you can draft in the form of sketches and drawings). Design Factory raise a database for all normal production cars and is a mathematical model configurations cover the bonnet. Further background information comes in the design department of the plant, where professional artists according to the customer create more virtual models of the future type of car bonnet and send their car on the Internet for approval. In approving a project, the customer provides the good for the manufacture of body panels. The factory is the ultimate virtual mathematical model of the bonnet cover is transferred to the workshop for the manufacture of matrices, but that later - in the shop electrotype. Manufactures (without coloring) packed in the foam container and delivered to the customer by mail or courier. Thus, The whole procedure of the order can be spread out over 2-3 days (of which 10-20 hours - the actual production itself), but the ultimate value of body parts (in particular - the lid bonnet) could reach $ 150-200. Accordingly, "changing" the entire car (excluding the cost of painting and welding operations) may cost $ 2-3 thousand. Similarly, you can upgrade (tuning) cars, gifts and official cars. In this case, the sides of the door, you can perform with convex relief monograms and monogram (private cars), or logos of banks and other official offices. Convex symbols and emblems onthe doors can be individually chrome-plated, gilded or painted, which will look especially good on the black "official" background of the car and give it a unique style. But the most difficult option - it is creating an entirely new car with a base platform and series of nodes (transmission, engine). The task is simplified somewhat, if for a small party concepts taken himself manufacturer with the necessary staff of designers, planners, technologists and designers. After all, it will be necessary to link together thousands of different parameters. One would also have an exclusive melkoshtuchnoe the production of those components that are not produced in series (frontal and side glass, headlamps and lanterns, door handles, mirrors, etc.). And I am sure that the designers really try to "their" vehicle was anything in the world do not like! If the idea of creating your own totally unique car will be taken "Private", the manufacture of such a concept for a specialized company (of course, with the appropriate certification, registration and quality assurance as a clearing, and industrial parts) can pull in more than one hundred thousand dollars. But the end result may overshadow any Bentley. "Truly limitless opportunities electrotype and engineers designers, engineers, because allows you to create not only a decorative exterior panels and protective coatings on them, but also produce high-load-bearing structures, which will fully bear the burden of car dynamics. For example, you can make a multi-layer sandwich panel (Zn + Fe + Zn + Fe) total thickness of 0,3-0,5 mm, which in principle is not afraid to perforation corrosion. And to make the body panels the necessary strength and rigidity to the inner side of galvanically "increasing" thin-walled (0,1-0,3 mm) cell with a cell size of 5 x 5 to 10 x 10 and a height of up to 10 mm. Then, these cells can "blow out" light foam (or similar compound), which also will serve as heat and sound insulation, as well as enhance the overall strength of the panel (including shock), its corrosion resistance. In the field of fastening panels to the body (eg, spot welded) cellular substrate must be absent, and thickness of the base metal should be increased several times up to 1,5-2 mm. Napylyaya galvanically grown on the surface of the panel tokoizoliruyuschy different picture, one can then form various combinations of sizes and forms of cooperation, thereby increasing a place konstruktsii.Sochetanie and cellular technologies in a single sandwich construction to achieve the highest strength and performance characteristics of the panels with a minimum expenditure of metal. But, of course, after a sufficiently strong shock structure recovery is not podlezhit.Interesno would try (as far as possible) with the heat in the various sectors of the panel HDTV. I think that in principle it would be possible to make body panels directly from the ore (eg, Fe and Al), bypassing the multi-technological procedure of melting the metal or its elektrorafinirovaniyu.Razumno would be placed on the cultivation of the factory body panels (including for aircraft and shipbuilding, as well as for space vehicles) near the major hydroelectric power station in the Far East, Siberia, in the mountainous regions of southwest China (the Yangtze), where there is a strong gidroenergopotentsial, but there is no real energy, and transportation of electricity to tens of thousands of kilometers involve heavy losses. It would be wiser not to transport the electricity, and is ready and quite expensive items. Moreover, light weight, high cost of the panels will make cost-effective delivery into Europe, even aviatransportom.S environmental standpoint galvanic manufacture panels (especially directly from the ore) is much preferable to the traditional method (casting, rolling, stamping, welding, protective coatings, etc.) accompanied by greater energovybrosami, high consumption of water and fuel, as well as human resources and land areas, requires an extensive infrastructure. By my estimation, galvanic manufacture panels require only 10-15% of the resources and technological equipment that is required for traditional production. Of course, the electroplating method body (and not only) the panels have a sufficient number of negative points, but they are all in principle be solved technologically. And with the right selection of an appropriate market niche success of new technology simply attained. / "TRAKTAT the reduction of entropy, vol II, issue number 75 / |