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Technique Technique | Equipment Mobile snow melting
Technique Technique | Equipment Mobile snow melting
| Mobile snow melting |
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| Written by Хамзя Умяров | |||
| Monday, 05 May 2008 | |||
Transferred via translate.google.com
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF TECHNOLOGY A series of simple experiments and experiments with destratifikatorom (see photo experimental sample) for one of the oil city of Nizhny Novgorod Region Kstovo demonstrated the possibility of exposure to the liquid product (gasoline, diesel fuel, water, oil) at nanorazmerov relatively simple technical means. Saturation of the liquid environment of steam bubbles in diameter from 1 to 10 microns (0.001 mm) or less, followed by a continuous process of processing an acoustic environment in a state of two-phase fluid, leads to serious changes in the physico-chemical properties of liquids. The design is protected by patent RF № 2198019 for an invention This technology can be used for preparation of gas-liquid solutions. For example, 12 April 2007, with permission from the owner of the oil was conducted the following experiment: Capacity, volume at 14.8 cu. meter, was filled with water (drinking water, approximately 5.5 ... 6 cu. meters) so that the device is turned destratifikatora completely flooded. Suction cavity destratifikatora ejector was connected to the air. After switching to the device, with dilution of 0.12 kgf/cm2 in the cavity ejector, began to receive air from the atmosphere. After 20 minutes of work the device was stopped. Water samples were poured into plastic bottles. The very fluid remained clean, but at its present level of white thick and dense fog of tiny air bubbles. The bottles were put on shelves to store and monitor changes of water. For months the state of water is not changed. Furthermore, when screwing corks rapid exhalation of gases, such as, for example, carbonated water or beer, were observed. That is, the water saturated with air bubbles microscopic level, it was stable and unchanged. Known that the steam bubbles in the liquid characterized by the notion of «sustainability». That is, sustainable called bubble, the size of which allows to balance the Archimedean force and the Stokes drag force. For clean water, for example, limiting the sustainability of the bubble diameter is 16 microns. Thus, in the above experiment were obtained steamair bubbles, the diameters of which are clearly less than 16 microns. Hence, the sustainability and duration of their existence in the water. It is also known that with decreasing bubble diameter, counted from the limiting diameter of resistance, pressure steam environment inside the bubble is growing. So according to the MA Margulis (in the book «Fundamentals zvukohimii», M.1984) a mixture of steam pressure inside the bubble diameter of 1 micron in pure water is the amount of 12.9 kgf/cm2. That is, for example, in one cubic meter of water can be «package» of the total volume of steam-gas bubbles by volume, comparable to the volume of water. For example, «package» of 200 liters or 0.2 cubic meters. meter of air bubbles with the diameter of about 1 micron, since at a pressure of 12.9 kgf/cm2 estimated amount of compressed air was only 16 ... 18 liters, or about 2% of the volume of water. Unfortunately, in experiment 12 April 2007, was not set an upper limit of saturation level of water vapor bubbles. But in previous experiments with liquid fuel in the saturation of steam bubbles, which are contained within a pair and only the most fuel gases, produces a stable outcome in the 1 ... 1.5% increase in fuel. So the conclusion that the bubbles can be packed volume of gas comparable to the volume of fluid is not without reason. An experiment proves the possibility of gas-liquid mixtures, for example, «packing» ... the exhaust of internal combustion engines, combustion products of fossil fuel (hot air, heated products of combustion). This happens when you turn to the work of a special device, called the text «destratifikatorom», which satiates in progress and the movement of the machine the amount of water steam bubbles with «packing» in motor vehicle exhaust. At the same time, the process of heating water. For the combustion of one kg of liquid fuel, taking into account the overvaluation for the internal combustion engine excess air ratio is required «prokachat» through the volumes of cylinders the engine 15 ... 18 cubic meter of air (such as the amount of exhaust gas, but under normal conditions). In the exhaust gas temperature does not exceed 140 º C, are known to contain: 78% nitrogen, 10 ... 12% of carbon dioxide, 8 ... 10% water vapor. In the remaining 1 ... 2% of the content of residual oxygen, nitrogen oxides, sulfur compounds, sazhistyh particles and other inert gases (argon, helium, etc.). The proposed technology of gas-liquid solution can be widely used in the design, such as mobile units to clean the snow melting and disposal of snow on city streets, more effective fire-extinguishing systems and fire of building materials, handling of liquid fuels, etc.
Compared with the existing analogy PHYSICAL technological FUNDAMENTALS OF TREATMENT AND UTILIZATION snow melting Existing technologies used and snow melting, firing snow and ice is too energy intensive, and snegotayalki based on them too dórogi. So Canadian company «TREKAN» (Toronto) in the type of snow melting installations «Metro Meltem-135» 135-RD (figures marked - productivity in t / h), purchased by the Government of Moscow in the quantity of 5 each and ongoing testing on the streets of the city this winter, snow firing technology uses powerful jets of water vapor. How to install a mini-mounted steam boiler, a heat output of 1 MW (!). Of course, for the production of steam boiler in his composition of a complex water filtration system is thawed. Hence, a high (for the majority of provincial administrations in Russia - just prohibitive) cost of installation: more than $ 500 thousand. The design Trekan-60-PD uses a slightly different method for the destruction of the crystal structure of snow to bring it to the liquid-crystalline state. However, and this machine because of the complexity is the price nepodemnuyu for the administration of most cities in Russia (for instance, Novosibirsk GUBO bought it for 10 million rubles). JSC «EKOTEPLOGAZ» (Moscow) in snegotayalkah uses the principle of the dip of burning fuel, that is, snow melt open flame, which is more energy process. Productivity snegotayalok can vary from 1 to 45 tons of snow per hour CJSC «ASFALTTEHMASH» (Moscow) in the mobile units of its snow-melt type ARfD-1025.S and ARfD-1026.S, capacity 10 ... 15 m3/hour of freshly fallen snow (the density of freshly fallen snow SNiP, note, is estimated at 80 ... 190 kg/m3, compare with the density of water at 4 ° C equal to 1000 kg/m3), heats the wall of the bunker fuel combustion 6 ... 7 liters per hour. Of course, in this mode firing performance installation would be manifestly insufficient for the required rate of disposal of snow. The technology involves the use of gas-liquid solution to take advantage of other and more effective way of destroying the snow and ice to give it the properties of fluidity. Namely: It is not necessarily to the full firing of snow or ice because of the crazy cost of thermal energy, fuel. Snow has a crystalline structure and, therefore, to give it the properties yield enough to destroy mezhkristallicheskie connection. By analogy with the hot deformation of metals: for example, steel is heated to temperatures of 750 ... 800 ° C, to give it softness and flexibility to handle, but not melt it at temperatures of 1200 ... 1300 ° C. Destruction mezhkristallicheskih ties of snow make it available to the state of tetramernyh (4N2O) associates (in the technical literature, also called clusters ldinopodobnymi): more than water, but not snow. In this state the liquid mass is able to flow even through pipes, and it takes much less space compared to the weight of snow, and water. In nature, it can be compared with the spring shugoy river, where the surface water swim «pieces» snow and ice masses. Only in the case of disposal of snow the size of «pieces» brought to the microscopic quantities Moreover, the bubbles will be filled with water vapor, as contained in the composition of combustion products, and as a result of internal evaporation of moisture in contact of hot gases from the walls of the bubble. Zakriticheskie pair of parameters resulting in shlopyvaniyu bubble, since the low temperature of the environment - in contact with snow, ice, melt-water - is an intense condensation of water vapor. When shlopyvanii in the center of the bubble raises the pressure - according to the technical literature in terms of hundreds and thousands of atmospheres (for example, is called the value of 4000 kgf/cm2). Emerging with the shock wave (the pressure in front of the wave is doubled compared to the reference according to the theoretical computation of Zhukovsky), extending into the fluid contributes to more intense destruction mezhkristallicheskih ties of snow, ice. Given the fact that per unit of time can be a huge pile (measured, for example, tens-hundreds of millions per second) of such acts shlopyvaniya, the liquid will be clearly audible sound field of low frequency and a high-intensity, which can not be achieved today by existing methods. Smaller diameter of steam bubbles in comparison with the Canadian technology will enable them to penetrate deeper into the pores of the snow and cause extensive damage that significantly lowers the cost of thermal energy. In addition, the unit has a very wide range of rates of utilization by changing the temperature of hot air mixed with combustion products - ranging from 150 ° C to 550 ° C. Before discharge from the mass, for example, domestic fecal sewage, enough to warm it up to temperature +2 ... +5 ° C. Heating is carried out, as has been said, by the heat of exhaust gases contained in bubbles, which will take only a few minutes. Thus, when the designated performance installation of 60 tons / hour will be achieved the required rate of disposal of snow and ice. The cost of thermal energy, fuels with a 3 ... 4 times would be lower than in the above technologies firing of snow. The cost of installation, based on the calculation of costs of materials, manufacturing labor, the total cost of components, not to exceed $ 50 ... 60 thousand, which is almost an order of magnitude smaller than the value of the Canadian sample. Bubbles of its aggressiveness contribute to intensive destruction mezhkristallicheskih bonds, which significantly accelerates the process of obtaining tetramernyh associates in the structure of snow. This will ensure the necessary rate of recycling, reduce the amount borrowed to remove snow transport and people, significantly (up to 1 ... 2 km instead practiced now 10 ... 15 km) to reduce the leverage of snow removal. In addition, the fluid saturated steam bubbles, has a cleaning ability. There is a phenomenon of the so-called «flotation», when the bubbles take away from a fine mud or mineral particles. For example, sand, clay particles, asphalt, etc. Large conglomerates dirt will ruin the sound field in the high volume of fluid to the smallest, thereby reducing the wear of construction of sewerage systems. Thus, it would be possible for the sliding channel drainage network related road dirt. Moreover, the network will be an additional drain thawed washed with water, saturated with gas bubbles, with a view to removal of existing sediment mud. PRELIMINARY TECHNICAL DATA TACTICS-Mobile snow melting: 1) The base car (chassis) - KamAZ-6520 2) Enrollment capacity plant - 20 m3 3) The number of power plants - a diesel engine of 200 hp and a water pump type NK100-45 4) Weight (without mass Tractors and Wheelsets) - less than 3 tons 5) Fuel consumption per 1 ton of snow - not more than 2 liters of diesel fuel 6) Dimensions (excluding Tractors) - 2.5 m × 2,8 m × 6 m OTHER PROMISING AREAS FOR THE USE OF TECHNOLOGY On the basis of the proposed technology could be developed mobile emergency heat, which could be as soon as possible (in an urban setting - 1 ... 3 hours), delivered, deployed, connected to the heat networks or pipelines teplosnabzhayuschih systems and incorporated into the work. Experience shows that with the removal of major or serious emergencies in heat networks and systems under conditions of extremely low temperature outside air in winter, especially, should take measures to prevent freezing pipes and heating appliances in homes and facilities of social importance (hospitals, schools, kindergartens, etc.). If approved unfreezing pipes and heating appliances, the recovery of heat, as a rule, then the cost is much more expensive and requires much more time and effort. The rate of heating of the coolant in the emergency heat will be higher in comparison with the normal patterns of transmission of thermal energy in existing vodotrubnyh or zharotrubnyh structures similar heating apparatus. This is achieved through the use of an entirely new way of transfer of thermal energy, which is as follows: To heat the coolant as the working medium used products of combustion gases with a temperature of 500 ... 550 ° C. Burner for liquid or gaseous fuel is configured to work with larger than usual percentage of secondary air, and so that the temperature of combustion products lay within the limits shown. Products of combustion - gas, - «packed» destratifikatorom in the volume of steam bubbles, and they filled with coolant. As a result of thermal energy with virtually no loss and very high efficiency (at least 98 ... 99%) transferred to the coolant volume, which ensures a high heating rate of coolant. In addition, the range of regulation with such a method of heat transfer will not have any technological limitations. Therefore, the emergency heat can be used if necessary to compensate for heat losses even at very low heat load calculation emergency facility. The depth of thermal activation energy is also no lower limit temperature (for hot water heating boilers, recall, the entrance temperature of a coolant in the boiler can not be less than 70 ° C to avoid condensation of moisture on the surfaces of the screen tubes), which also increases the range of regulation. However, it should be pointed out that the emergency heat should not exceed any time limits - for example, a day or two days. The point is that almost any form of fossil fuels containing sulfur substances which, when burned, tend to form sulfur dioxide, react with water. Sulfur compounds with water are very aggressive to metals, pipes and valves. Therefore, there should be a restriction on the extent of rise in the volume of heat-content of sulfuric acid compounds, that is, a kind of MPC (maximum permissible concentration limit). The thermal heat capacity can be quite high and limited to the power burner and circulating pump. A preliminary study of options for construction of the emergency heat is available. 4. STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNOLOGY / PRODUCT: 2nd Stage - R & D 5. DATE OF THE WORK AND THE LONG-TERM PROJECT: Since the start of funding. Duration: no more than 5 ... 6 months. 6. NATURAL OR LEGAL PERSONS - Participants of the project: OOO «INATEC - Technology». The resources of the complainant, which can be invested in the project: a) people, b) office. Corporation «Inbitek» 7. Total investments: PLAN AND EVALUATION OF COST OF WORKS PREPARATION AND TESTING OF SOLUTIONS IN THE STATE-gas Two-phase liquid (stage R & D) I. Producing an improved prototype of the device-destratifikatora - Place of manufacture - Corporation «Inbitek», N. Novgorod, - Cost of production - no more than 150 thousand rubles - Term of production - 1.1,5 months II. Building installation receiving gas-liquid two-phase fluids in a position to liquid - The assembly plant - petroleum paragraph Friendly Kstovskogo area - Cost of production of the assembly installation (estimated) - no more than 50 thousand rubles - Assembly installation deadline - 10 days III. Experimental work is to obtain samples of gas-liquid solution state of two-phase liquid place of production of experimental work - in the petroleum section Friendly Kstovskogo District the value of experimental work (estimated, subject to procurement Fuel and supplies) - no more than 70 thousand rubles |
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