| Floating Island Hotel Flower Sea |
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| Written by Юрий РужинÑкий | |
| Wednesday, 02 April 2008 | |
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Transferred via translate.google.com
Sea coast of Crimea has great potential to resort to the full has never been used. I am afraid that in future it will be very problematic, because eternal redivision private property, land plots, lack of related infrastructure (especially water, sewage, garbage removal, etc.) and predatory attitude of the local Aboriginal people to visiting guests ... together do not contribute to improving the overall climate resort. Yes, local people for 2-3 months of summer visitors from trying to squeeze out "all the juices, ie, finance, to the remaining 9-10 months of rest, nothing doing, and explaining its slack so that there is no work. But because there is always work, if it go (eg, repairing roads, health, construction of new waterways, remove debris, etc.)! The practice of dependency, of course, can not last forever, market conditions will be trying to circumvent it. Business understands that the resort mecca of Crimea can swallow 2-3 times more visitors. But, constantly natykayas to perennial problems of the "Great Land" (from the Crimean Tatar issue to the high cost of local products), business will increasingly turn its attention to coastal marine waters with little or no "inhabited" by man, and pristine clean on his presence and influence. To date, water recreation (tourism) has been presented only a piece cruise liners, fabulously expensive designed, among the elite of rest, even for large movements (trips) on the aquatic area. The long-overdue need for a massive floating hotels, ships at anchor at the sea shore. In doing so, the cost of living in the cabins should be minimal, with an adequate level of comfort (shower, toilet, refrigerator, electric furnace, TV, if necessary - air conditioning). Food - at wholesale prices in supermarkets. Painted a very interesting prospect of a new development of the sea coast of Crimea. Bribes primarily simplicity, modularity, autonomy, low unit cost as the entire project as a whole and individual elements (ship) - in particular. The construction of a floating island, the hotel will cost several times cheaper than the hotel built on land in the same passenger capacity. This would obviate the need for land, hundreds of "harmonization" and "utryasok project", which means - an enormous savings in time and bribes, the complete independence of local authorities and the political situation in the country. And even inter-ethnic clashes in the peninsula had virtually no impact on fully autonomous and private island hotel, located in the sea. So, for the implementation of the project should be a consortium, which will include several banks, specialized shipbuilding yard, as well as the operational campaign. Shipyards can lay in the Nikolaev shipbuilding factory, using its infrastructure, personnel, scientific and technological developments, and others use the old shipyard (Docks) is not possible, because assumed that the form of the island, the hotel will not ship the classical as well as dishes with a diameter of 50-60 m depth of no more than 2 meters (draft without ballast - up to 4,000 tons). Therefore, such a specific form of the shell will require extensive facilities in the dock. However, the shape of the submersible vessel is very simple in terms of technological and manufacturing - a kind of disc with a flat bottom and the side wall with evenly rounded. The upper surface of the floating hotel is a set of several (4-5) disc-decks with steps decreasing in diameter, inside of which is designed for public spaces (dining room, cinema, dance floor, the market) and on the perimeter (on the ring) placed cabin passengers . Cabins for each subsequent tier echelon on the ground floor in a manner that formed a small balcony, where you can admire the sea, and to take air baths, not leaving his nomera.Na very solid top deck (roof) is a common observation deck, as well as of the vessel (Captain's cabin). The round shape of a vessel's hull, the hotel allows you to not only efficiently and evenly accommodate all passengers, with equal ease, but also allows you to apply some new original technology. For example, it is assumed that the ship is constantly working with the water jet will be uniformly low power to rotate around its axis (one revolution of 30-60 minutes), providing all guests an equal opportunity to both the sun and on kraevidam (sunset, coastline, view on open sea). Underwater part of the vessel in the form of a cylinder with an unusually large area of support with sufficient displacement and the inertia (especially in the case of outboard water as ballast), as well as any point of equidistance from the center of the perimeter of the shell will contribute to the stabilization of the vessel at sea, which is important for comfortable leisure passengers and minimize the factor of the marine bolezni.V case approximation severe storms, as well as for winter parking (mooring) ship, where passengers are missing, possible production of the vessel to the stationary anvil. To this end, near the coast under water at a depth of 15-20 meters are installed 4 metal supports with a ground-plate, which in profile resemble turn stool. Metal supports are the two inserted into each other pipes, which are on Uploading.com inside sea water have an opportunity to put forward. If necessary, the marine mooring a vessel through water engines podplyvaet the "stool" diver hoses connected to the pillars of the ship and pump the water pumped into them. It is necessary because the steering water to gently pushes forward lugs towers accurately entered into the recesses of the ship at the bottom (later privintyat them tightly to the bottom from inside). Gradually, zakachivaya water dive support ship "squeeze" from the seabed (the effect of jack) at 3-10 m below the water surface and is virtually inaccessible to any wave. At the same time, rigid fixation of the vessel on the seabed, eliminating the need to set anchors and dramatically increases the security of the vessel during the winter storm months. Dry underwater portion of the vessel to allow the annual routine maintenance without costly production in dry dock (cleaning algae from the bottom, painting, welding, modernization, etc.). The design of the hotel, the island also provides for the existence of the perimeter of the vessel 12-14 folding multipurpose "petals ", which will be floating hotel a special charm and praktitsizm.V retracted position of the metal" petals "with a convex shape lozhkoobraznuyu, rest freely on the water. Moreover, they run a number of outboard water (retaining sufficient buoyancy) and is an original pool of variable depth. Since Hotel-Island is in the sea at a sufficient distance from the shore and the water depth can reach several tens of meters, to secure and control bathing holidaymakers must have a sufficient number of shallow lakes. This is especially true for families with children, because you can separate "petals" to fill with water at 0,5-1 m and make a kind of 'paddling pool. " For adults like the depth of 2-3 m. This sea water, the limited amount of "petal", and not mixed waves, will be warming up much faster than the sun, and high bortiki "petal" bathers keep free from large waves and wind. In an acute desire to swim in the sea, you can leave the "petals" but only after passing an examination on navigation safety island and in the presence of individual saving means of radio beacon on the arm or neck (see the theme of number 10 "beach rescue complex"). "petals" are attached to the vessel freely on hinges, so they have an opportunity for some vertical movement. This will help mitigate the impacts of waves and absorbing, and ultimately - to reduce the rocking of the ship itself. On the other hand - a rocking body "petals" to form small waves of water in the "petals", the pool, creating the illusion of openness of marine prostranstva.V case approximation storm (as well as winter mooring) hotel is an island on the "stool" and wring out over the water. But before this, with the help of hydraulic cylinders or winches and cable raschalok "petals" alternately rises and presses against the vessel, thereby protecting it from waves and wind sound of metal armor. Outdoor horizontal (along the perimeter), edging "petals" are usually used pedestrian trapikom, in this case comes to one another, like tiles, and performs a unique function and seal gutters to flowing vody.Originalnye "petals" flower hotel (where, indeed, and was so romantic name of the project - "Sea Flower") is glossed over the ship, will protect him in case of bad weather, they will remain until the day 2 / 3 of all guests. And in the evening (night), the colored lights bulbs, located not only throughout the hotel and the island, but also around the perimeter of all the "petals" will create a range of unforgettable impressions and experiences as a holiday by the hotel, and holiday at the seaside (especially if you look at a lot of flashing light of night "flower"-hotel with the height of the mountains). Every night "lobe" can be "strengthened" tsvetomuzykoy and synchronous fountains, managed through a PC and a specially adapted programs. Further, it is anticipated that the floating hotels, the island chain would be located along the coast at a distance of 1-2 km. Accordingly, to be installed mooring "stool." And between them, you can pave the (shallow) pieces of metal coils (see the theme of number 31 "Artificial Reefs") for breeding algae, fish, shellfish, crabs, plankton. Sami hotels may make incubators and fry algae (plankton). Moreover - they can podkormit surrounding water in their food waste (remnants of bread, cereals, vegetables, meat). Thus, around the floating islands formed a powerful bioreproduktivnaya zone, which will be able to provide all the holidaymakers in seafood, and the surplus - to the external market. Biocenose developed, as well as the original underwater installations ( "stockings," the grid "Hedgehogs", etc.) will arrange for the holiday fun dive trips both in the offline (aqualung, flippers) and group (walking mini submarine) . Moreover - could bring themselves to underwater holiday gathering seafood, particularly shellfish and crabs on the principle: we can - scuba gear, and you give us - moreproduktsiyu. At the same time, and fun, and useful work. Part of the harvested crop (eg, 1 / 10 of collected shrimp or oysters) may be on the table submarine builder free as premialnyh.Nalichie in the coastal strip (along the stocking-nursery), a large number of fish with a permanent habitat will inevitably attract a large number of dolphins . And although they may eat large amounts of fish, still their presence would be highly desirable, because much diversity of leisure vacationers, and especially - children. You may be thinking about the organization and the taming of dolphins (some circus show rooms and rescue activities). At every hotel, the island is desirable to place a small laboratory where scientists could study the marine coastal waters of Crimea, as well as to investigate and correct the artificial creation of new biocenosis (in particular, the breeding of fish, shellfish, algae, plankton) and monitor the overall level of pollution of the Black Sea. Marine scientists can also lead a broad lektorskuyu and scientific and educational work among the holiday (this is part of their salary), which, of course, this is very interesting. Moreover, the scientists will have not only purely theoretical knowledge, but also in most of its unique expertise and experience. It will be revealing and Marine Museum, located in one of the cabins, as well as several artistic workshops remeslennicheskih (pictures, souvenirs and gifts). Do not refuse to visit the scientific pilot laboratory and underwater plantations and foreign scholars seascape that is guaranteed increase rating and the popularity of marine hotel. Moreover, this interest will manifest itself not only in the summer months. Floating islands, hotels, sea flowers, which have to be 100-150 pc. along the Crimean coast, may have its own specialization: Superior Court, for families with children, medical rehabilitation, research, for public events (parties, congresses, symposia, etc.), pioneer camps, etc. But the vast majority of hotels (about 80%) should be a "budget" and be designed for high-quality, yet low-cost housing and food (about 50 UAH per person per day.). Layout of cabins hotel to practice the basic concept of a "cell" of housing (see a theme number 14): "Housing can be an arbitrarily small amount, but it should give its owner the full independence from the others (shower, toilet, kitchen), a sufficient level of comfort and be with the most economical, convenient and thoughtful. " I think that it is in the configuration cell housing "for the hotels, the islands may be the most complete implementation of the Project. After all, what should be ordinary (mass) holiday? Cozy his corner, while the maximum separated from the neighbors with a spacious and clean bed linen, household services at a personal shower and toilet, the possibility of cooking their own (savings) and an easy access to clean sea. Hotels-Island is the best way to satisfy all these requirements, especially for the part of the sea - the whole glass, opened the cabin door, went to the balcony, buried in verdure and pleschetsya the sea at your feet. You do not need nowhere to go, go, take turns to a dirty beach with thousands of naked and oily "seals" that are in the toilet it plainly can not go (just in the sea). Most of my friends, the joy of having a vacation in the Crimea is not in the VIP-standard, with one voice say that for every 10-15 minutes of bliss of bathing in the sea accounts for at least 3-4 hours of everyday adventures, which, far from being the most pleasant. So it turns out that from the sea more tired than the rest. Floating hotels-islands "budget" profile can radically change the situation in terms of cost of services, as well as its quality. It is anticipated that the hotel will be a priority domestic cooking, although there are small dining rooms and buffets. To do this, one of the internal rooms should be allocated by the market (fruits, vegetables, meat, seafood, as well as products) with very moderate prices. In general pricing policies of hotels, the islands should be built as follows: Lodging and food - at a very reasonable price (but at the expense of massive amount would be quite impressive), but the focus is on the bubble, game systems, etc. They also must have a minimum value but they will yield the maximum profit with virtually round-the-clock operation. There is a need to fundamentally change the practice of providing services to attractions - not to "tear three skins for the entertainment unit, and put it to a stream (to do a mass) with a minimum stoimosti.Attraktsionov to" Flower of the Sea should be a great multitude, and - very different to rest it was a pity to waste your valuable time on stupid lying in the sun on topchane while that they are easily separated, and happy with their latest dengami.Tak to oblique bracing cable that connects the top of the floating "petals" from the top deck, you can attach the plastic water slides. A significant elevation (10 m) will make the slides with a complex configuration of the track (helix, the "dead loop"). Privodnenie - one of the "petals". The abundance of sensations within 20 seconds. achieved, and then take up to 10 minutes to come to you. The estimated cost of the attraction - from 50 kopecks. During the day you can go down hill with 20-30 times. With each ascent to the upper deck on foot will allow to burn enough calories (or fat, if available). The central part of the upper observation deck can be an add-on to a rotating platform-mast, to which bracket mounted horizontal 3-5 "rods" of tubular cross section length of 40 meters (but in any case longer than the 5-6 m distance from the axis of rotation of the mast to the extreme end of "petal"). The resulting carousel can be multifunctional. In the first version of a passenger to sit in a chair that is hung on the rope at the end of "rods" on the water, and rotating carousel flying over the waves. In the second case used a long tether (10 m) and the passenger rolls on classic water lyzhah.Trety option - skating on the water on the prototype water scooter, but only on the tug of "rods." Of course, the carousel can operate only in good weather, with a low rough sea. In doing so, the existence of individual life afloat. means (jackets) for the passengers is compulsory. Embarkation and disembarkation by means of serving the catamaran, based at the edge of "petals". "Rods" must have a simple collapsible structure that can be easily removed by the crew of the hotel. Power merry-go-round through the gearbox to ensure a low overall noise level attraction that will positively impact on the rest the rest of the passengers hotel. It may be that some will cause irritation of the periodic rotating twinkle "rods", which, I think, you can quickly get used to. In particularly hot days on the island, the hotel can be finely disperse fog. This can be done using multiple nozzles mounted on the rotating "rods." Evaporating droplets of water not only protects holidaymakers from excessive sun rays, but also lower the temperature of ambient air at 4-6 oC. And then the carousel spinning blades will all be perceived as a saving grace. In the breaks between skating on the carousel (on the previous schedule) can start from the top deck helium balloon with a passenger on the winch to a height of 300-500 meters (see the theme of number 70 "Krymsky Disneyland"). Time steamed (swimming) in the air in an easy chair with the abyss at the bottom - about 10-15 minutes. For extra defaulter passengers - the latest attraction to the launching of the ball without securing tether J. For those who want to learn to swim, as well as to learn different styles of sport diving, you can install a few swimming trainers (see the topic number 28). His services can benefit both children and adults. By the way, admission exam Swimming authorization to fly out of "petals" should be security at the hotel simulator. Note, the maximum water flow is selected, as being "zaplyva" - no less than 5 minut.Dlya want to learn free diving (diving), you must construct a special cylinder with a bottom and rails, as well as emergency air teats at different depths. Its diameter may be 4-5 m, depth - up to 15 m. In these simulators can be practiced virtually around the clock and in any weather (of course, under the supervision of an instructor). If a person over a short period of time due to the simulator will be able to feel like a fish in water, we can consider that the rest time is not spent zrya.Bolee advanced version of learning to swim - the development of diving, ie, work with an aqualung and fins. But the transition to more complex categories should be made only after the development of basic sciences (general swimming, diving, diving theory). One of the kinds of attractions - diving to the seabed in the diving bell, style of the era of Captain Nemo. For fans of computer drive like "Computer mehanoaktivny game videosimulyator" (see subject number 9). To this end, the attraction must be a few rooms inside the hotel. Mode of use - kruglosutochnyy.Vodno-motorized forms of recreation may be a traditional recreational boats, water bikes, small hydroplane-pariteli, pleasure submarines for 10-15 people, a boat-buksirovschiki (for water skiers) and dr.Dlya rest outside "petals "would require a sufficient number of simple and reliable 1-2 and 4 local catamarans. From the classic boats must be abandoned, because they are not stable even in calm water. One of the varieties of catamarans - colorful plastic 3-wheeled bicycles with huge ribbed kolesamiI, of course, this sea simply inconceivable without the sails. Therefore, windsurfing, and especially - 2-5 local sailing yahtochki simply must be present at the Island Hotel. They can even be comfortable berths between the end of the "petals" with a remote crane-balkoy.Razumeetsya that this is a mobile induction and sports equipment to be stored in a separate hotel room (1 floor) and be sufficiently compact and razbornym.Prebyvanie in the floating hotel should be a holiday for most thoughtful and adjust. You must pre-identify all the difficulties, problems and excesses. Thus, in every hotel should be your bank storage of money and valuable things, which after the rest will be returned to their owners. Walking to the hotel in the expensive things and ornaments should be, to put it mildly, did not welcome the Security Service. At Check-in camper makes a prepayment of all possible services in advance and delivers the remaining money be deposited in the bank. Then he issued nominal plastic card with which he pays for all the goods and services. (Since the end of relaxation can print all the costs incurred in the name of the goods or services rendered. On-demand printing is also made daily, but for some fee). Walking cash (as well as the theft) is practically excluded. Adjacent cabin balconies shall be separated from each other by continuous glass partitions, and can be attached to them fresh flowers and plants (eg, curly roses, cypresses, bay, etc.). This, in addition to purely ornamental features, some will reduce the possibility of unauthorized entry into a rest home. For professional thieves should provide more sophisticated electronic devices (motion detectors, the presence, identification, etc.) and a single card (the database) "undesirable persons". Throughout the hotel, the island must be respected by the regime of acoustic comfort, ie, sounds and noise levels should not exceed 70 dB (except for specially designated place, eg, tantsploschadok). Cabins must be sufficiently sound-proof, and any violation of the holiday must be immediately suppressed until the eviction from the hotel. A favorite activity of young people - listening to music, should be carried out individually using radionaushnikov (up to 10 channels broadcasting local hotel), audio players. You can also set the audio and video centers in holiday cabins (as a temporary hire) and a fixed maximum volume and the balcony doors closed automatically in case of excess volume above a specified limit (70 dB). Floating Hotel - this is the initial concentration of the middle class, which still does not have sufficient funds for the fashionable holiday, but already quite developed, so as not to be ordinary hegemon. Therefore, the behavior on the ship should be properly regulated and set of rules: no prostitution, drunkenness, "clashes", squeal and noise, litter and disrespect for the staff. Otherwise - a fine, and for repeated violations - eviction from the island without compensation for potential losses to the warning on the intercom the entire hotel and recorded in the database ( "black list") personal data of offenders. Subsequently, they were never able to settle in any of the floating hotels (and perhaps - and in Coastal). In order to initially avoid any misunderstanding between the holiday and those. staff of the hotel in advance and shall be signed by mutual agreement (in accordance with the existing Rules of the hotel), where all scheduled to detail, ranging from insurance to the presence of cockroaches in the cabin. It would be reasonable, if a complete list of all their rights and responsibilities, as well as the standard model of the Treaty was a potential vacationers even before his departure to the island. Such services can provide tour. company, as well as they can get themselves through the Internet. One of the complex moments of the project - the transport component, ie Delivery issue passenger-holiday for several thousands of kilometers to their place of permanent deployment of the hotel-island. The present scheme (train + bus or taxi) will not hold water nor the level of comfort or stability of delivery, or at cost. A few days on the train - is another headache holiday, which spoils all the impression of the rest. In this case, the best option would be the construction and development of a broad stream of pipeline transport systems (see a theme number 4). And Finishing the station several branches must be placed directly on the sea a few meters from the water. Thus, could be in Moscow on the evening to sleep in the capsule and per night domchatsya to the coast of the Crimea, having woken up the morning near the surf. Then take a boat to the hotel-like island. Of course, this is the best and ideal solution, which initially may seem, and fantastic. But it should be a clear understanding that the transport component - a very serious problem and the best way to deal with its cardinal principle in the new urovne.Kak interim version of the partial settlement of the issue of transport in peak hours of summer - the organization of regular flights from Kiev and Moscow gidroplanov (like Be-200 ) that can land on water. Of these cities, this airplane will take off from a fairly large water areas (at least in the city center), and sit down - directly at the hotel of the island. The ideal would be a block diagram of passenger services, where all passengers at the same time of booking seats at the hotel, and the same number of passengers flies rested on the same voyage. Then zone drop-off/pick-up at one point dropped to a few tens of meters, which would offset the possible disadvantages and other disadvantages (eg, high cost and noise of flight). Very important is the compatibility of this project (and this floating hotel at 100-150 thousand people 30-60 with a real prospect of an increase) with the local authorities of Crimean autonomy, because acutely the question of sharing the most effective contingent of tourists. Indeed, for the lease of the land, local authorities did not receive (as well as virtually all other taxes). Local traders (ranging from taxi drivers to kvartirosdatchikami) may also be part of a nose, because "a sideways" would be practically a floating city for 50,000 people (half of the holiday season), which is the level of service, comfort, cost of services and so e. will dramatically dempengovat with local realities. Therefore, perhaps even some roptanie population fueled by the authorities. So this issue (problem) should be initially included in the project, ie, in other words, "share the profits with the local aborigines." Of course, ideally it would be to organize the production of floating islands, hotels on the Crimean coast, and thus provide year-round employment to local residents for several decades to come. But it would be very problematic, because lacking a sufficient number of professional workers, poor accompanying infrastructure, etc. And yet, in my opinion, in the vicinity of Sevastopol could lay a new shipyard (with participation of Russian capital), and former military professionals would come good - as the builders, and maintenance staff. If the building under the Nikolayev shipyard, then comes the issue of transporting large quantities of these whopper of a significant distance, because the speed of transportation will be commensurate with the speed of drift, but the fuel consumption by powerful tugboats do not want to even dumat.V this case, you can apply a two-float pontoon which would be brought into a position under the bottom of a submerged vessel, recorded in the nodes of attachment to the bottom, and then purged with air. Emerged pop-up island-hotel would receive if the configuration of a fast catamaran, which would have easily buksirovke.Tak behold, the Crimean coast, local residents can participate in the project as a service and technical personnel of hotels, as well as major suppliers of food (of course, the real prices, not in space). Otherwise, it is necessary to organize a massive delivery of food from the mainland or from Turkey. Tentatively - that work around 15-20 thousand people within 5-6 months of the year (in the absence of a rest. Refurbishment and staff engaged in the preparation of hotels). In principle, it is necessary to ensure that apart from the summer season, up to 70% of the floating hotels have worked year-round because the sea is beautiful and interesting, not only in summer but also in other seasons. When sufficiently developed underwater fish plantation and when excess quantities of seafood, can stand on the construction of small canning plant, as well as pererabatyvayusche-freezing systems. And this even before the thousands of workers will mest.Nebezosnovatelnym and the issue of environment, more precisely - on the waste of vital set of floating hotels. It is therefore possible future full of waste on-site closed-cycle should be laid at the design stage of ships. Thus, the remnants of food, after the necessary processing (sorting, grinding, sterilization) can go to the feeding of fish planted. Human Waste (WC) - decompose in special bioreactors bacteria to the state of methane gas, which will serve as fuel for power plants ship. Moreover, it would be best to provide the hotel with natural gas power plants in the form of bottom-hydrate (ice), but did not fill with fuel from the tanker. All the waste of fresh water (washing dishes, showers, etc.) after filtration should be directed to the drip irrigation sets of flowers, plants, ornamental trees, which should be on the island in abundance. All the remaining household rubbish, not amenable to local processing (metal, glass, plastic) to be sorted, collected in special sealed containers and then transferred to a tanker, garbage trucks for onward transportation to the waste zavod.T.o. can be solved practically all environmental issues and show the world that the ecological culture in the project not only present but also actively working. Moreover, the Project shelf zone of sea shore can be a much cleaner (mainly because of the filtering capacity of the mussel fishery plantations), and participation in the project powerful biznesstruktur not tolerate indifferent attitude to their duties of any state. officials, the fault which may occur, for example, the discharge into the waters of the hotel or untreated wastewater passing by tanker dumping untreated ballast vod.V principle Draft "The Flower of the Sea does not seem so fantastic - built ships and pokrupnee. Moreover, the deployment of the project will occur in phases, of about 10-15 ships a year. The term payback of a ship - about 10 years that the global practice of a good figure. Modularity allows the project does not accumulate the huge one-time investment (over $ 2 billion), and to introduce them gradually. In the case of joint-stock company shares project promises to be quite liquid because Demand for "personal property" of that kind is quite stable and promising, but profitability is moderately high. With the development of a model project and run the hotel, the island may receive a series of orders for this type suden and foreign campaigns (countries), because individually they are unlikely to be built (need a very expensive special shipyard, construction of which cost only if the serial release of the courts of this kind + a lot of technological know-how). In this case the payback period and the profitability of the project will increase dramatically (especially if you sell the hotels, the island complete with a "stool" and the technology of fish plantations). In the long term (over 50-100 years) the idea of the autonomous islands, the hotel can be further developed and transform themselves into the ocean, independent city-island-states (where the land will be live at all "Khrenova, or for any other reason). In any case, the idea of the floating islands of adequate housing is very interesting and deserves attention and study. / "TRAKTAT the reduction of entropy, vol II, issue number 83 / |