| Outdoor extinguishing fires in tall buildings |
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| Written by Юрий РужинÑкий | |
| Wednesday, 02 April 2008 | |
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The rapid development of mankind has led to a rapid increase in the number of megacities-cities with a predominance of high-rise housing over five floors. Of course, that at such altitudes, in the event of fire, firefighters work a very difficult or impossible at all. Thus, the limited length of sliding ladders 45-60 meters, and the presence of fire at the height of the enormous risks to their lives. The situation was exacerbated traditional traffic jams (permanent satellite towns), which often do not allow the fire brigade in time to arrive at the scene, to deploy its equipment and to begin extinguishing the fire inside the building pozhara.Rabota also very problematic, because elevators (generally) are disabled and 50, 100, 200 floor would have to stomp on foot. In addition, counterflow officials evacuated in the flurry, is not conducive to rapid progress towards the fire. Therefore, the quickest and most effective (in my opinion) way to extinguish the fire on the upper floors of tall buildings (eg office space with a large surface ostekleneniya) - this is to use a transport helicopter as a mobile vsevysotnogo vehicle with an installed inside the passenger compartment of his small-caliber smooth-bore gun 100-120 mm (length of barrel sizes 10-15), methane plastic shells filled with water. Gun is set in the cabin of the helicopter on the machine, tripod, which is fastened to the floor with the help of quick-locks, and shoots to the left (right) side through an open door as single shots or bursts. In the latter case, a practical firing rate reaches 120 vys. / min. When the internal volume of metal projectiles at 3 liters per minute of fire helicopter to be able to deliver exactly on target about 350 liters of water. Plastic water shell at the rear bottom of the powder has a gas with contact elektrozapalom. Sleeve as it is nonexistent. Power of gas (and hence the amount of powder SUSPENSION) is negligible, because it is assumed that the total weight of shell 3.3 kg would need to flash at a distance of 50-100 m with a speed of not more than 50 m / sec. Most speed projectile throwing unacceptable primarily because of security concerns, because quite heavy projectile at high energy is not only capable of partially destroying the building, but also seriously injure people in a zone of extinction. Speed projectile should be sufficient only for the delivery of 3 liters of water in the zone of fire and no more. And it would require only 4.1 kJ of energy, which is comparable to the energy bullets caliber 7.62 x 54R rifle cartridge (3.3 kJ). The use of pneumatics for throwing water shells think inappropriate in view of the fact that a large high-pressure receiver with high-speed valve-valve, self-compressor, but it's much harder overall design and make it less reliable. By the same powder charge gives strictly dosed momentum, while the pneumatic system can not boast of a high stability of their performance that will inevitably affect the accuracy of methane (a constant minus-flight). The use of pneumatics will be virtually impossible when using small compact fire-fighting helicopters, which are, respectively, would be the lowest cost and most promising. However, the cost of powder SUSPENSION gas is very low and could reach $ 0,1-0,2 / shot. Further, the shell has a central water pipe, a detonator, which connects the bottom with a bow ogolovkom gas. Powder gases from the gas through the retarder burning explosive charge in the tube, after the detonation of which formed a powerful hydraulic shock, the spray water in finely projectile spray of 10-15 m3. Plastic shell may be several thousand point easing of the shell, which, after the hydraulic shock form-Lake-tea-strainer. Delay time retarder - 1 sec, which is quite enough to overcome the distance of 20-50 meters from the helicopter to a window and inside the burning room. To control the distance of metal projectile you can either use multiple removable shafts of different length, or put into the design of art. Machine pressure propellant gases and, if necessary, part of their produce outside the volume of the trunk. In the fore part of the water shell in his ogolovke posted instantly fuse consisting of a plastic capsule with a flammable liquid (ether vapors), which, with the projectile flying through the flames instantly sdetoniruet axial charge of explosives and will spray water directly at the source vozgoraniya.Dlya improve the effectiveness of carcass characteristics water in it need to introduce a number of Pava (surfactants). For special occasions fire projectiles may be filled penogeneriruyuschey weight or dry ice, which can be used where water use is strictly prohibited (Electrical, fire technology equipment using hydrocarbons, etc.). Fire is the top gun boepitanie via rigid shop. Filing shots done manually calculating a second number, and automatically (most optimal) from the mechanical boeukladki carrier. As mentioned above, are used bezgilzovye unitary shots from elektrozapalom that greatly simplifies the procedure works vystrela.Avtomatika gun operates through the impact of a massive free lock (like the APS-17, Mark-19). Apply a simple scheme of automation have allowed the relatively low propellant powder, low value projectile muzzle energy of water and a small length of the trunk. In principle, the gun barrel can be produced even from seamless water-gas pipes with the appropriate diameter chrome coated and local enhancement kazennika.T.k. Shooting is not flat, and the howitzer mounted on the trajectory (because of initially low-speed projectile), it is desirable to install the gun laser rangefinder that will allow the management system will automatically install the required angle of elevation of the barrel, depending on the distance between the helicopter and the wall zdaniya.Pri shooting (especially rounds) reversed the momentum of return will be kept to give the helicopter from the wall of the building, therefore, required constant correction angle of elevation of the trunk. It will also be necessary to take into account the vertical top-down point of the air flow produced by a helicopter carrying the blades, the lateral wind speed, turbulence rising hot gases from the fire, etc. Need for lateral lead, does not appear to arise because helicopter would be "in situ", or go with a very low speed along the fire. In any case, you'll need a steady relationship arrow-operator with the helicopter pilot to adjust the joint deystviy.Maksimalnoy throwing accuracy can be achieved when using a fully automated guidance system, comprising in addition to a laser rangefinder, and onboard computer, and even thermal-direction finder. But such automation firing several times udorozhit-fighting tool. Full automation will be most effective when using compact teleupravlyaemyh helicopters. Deprived of human on-board personnel are, nevertheless, able to carry a sufficient number of charges and successfully carry out the majority of fire-fighting tasks without undue risk to human lives. (Perhaps in the future will be created specialized radio helicopters and fire, which cast high water jets (up to 100 atm.) Will be implemented with the help of a pump with an individual drive of a personal TBG). It is the urban-metropolitan areas to highly mobile air from the fire brigade calculation of a helicopter with art. installation of 100 high-rise buildings. To quickly replenish the ammunition needed for the roof of every high-rise building equipped with helicopter pad and place it next to a small warehouse filled with water shells (presumably 1-2 thousand.). Location of fire-fighting helicopters to be produced on the roofs of the highest buildings pokvadratno that would reduce the time podleta up to 1 minute. Helicopter fire art. installation will help to localize the fire as soon as possible, not allowing the flame to razgoretsya catastrophic proportions when extinguishing the fire becomes a dead business. This story building has no basic values. Prospective firefighters must operate on the principle: "come - shot (fire) - exiting", all about everything - 3 minutes. At the fourth minute, the fire inspector had to draw a fine negligent building owner for violation of fire safety. At the same 2-3 people (crew firefighting helicopter) can be replaced by ground fire 50-100. And in some cases, they simply will not alternativy.Gladkostvolnoe tool for throwing water in the shells may be a simplified version of the massive use of land for fire brigades, as with undoubted simplicity and reliability has a very high efficiency. Tool allows distantsiirovat firefighters from fire for a considerable distance (up to 300 m), repeatedly raising safety pozharotusheniya.Tak, for example, when opening the doors of burning buildings can reverse the effect of traction, when the fresh air will enhance the combustion process, with the release of combustible gases in the fire . If set at a distance of 30-50 meters from the door with a protective shield gun and shoot a massive water shell with toughened ogolovkom, you can safely punch a hole in the door precise small diameter and spray around the doors 3 liters of water. A small hole will show the presence or absence of reverse thrust, and prepare input for the full aperture opening. In the absence of excessive heroism door you can shoot several hundred rounds, then dotushit down the flames from the hoses. The use of highly fire-art. installation with their own weight up to 100 kg and disjoint segments, will provide an opportunity to extinguish fires in a particularly difficult and dangerous places with high accuracy and efficiency and at a considerable distance. Moreover, the organization of highly mobile groups of fire defense with art. installations on the chassis of vehicles UAZ-type prior to localize the fire until the arrival of the main sil.Po type of small gun fire can be built, and mortar-fire large caliber mortar and 500 mm for extinguishing large fires on the ground in the forest, in the industrial. zone, tanks, etc. Distance firing can be increased up to 1.000 m, while the single-metal charge - up to 150 liters. This way you can just put out, for example, the speed horse in a forest fire with a very high heat energetikoy.Printsipialnoe contrast above the proposed method of fire fighting classic is that the amount of water is placed into a shell and is delivered directly into the fire zone in a compact form, and then intensively sprayed in the form of fine spray. This delivers high accuracy and distance casting, cost of working fluid, the safety of electrical networks (since there is no direct connection with the electric fire through water jets). Solid stream of water from the traditional hose works poorly in the final section of its trajectory, t . k. practically Do not spray, but just pour surface. This variance of water can be 3-5-10 times. Following this extinction (even with little fire) major repair of buildings is provided. Moreover, initially dense jet of water from the hose to increase the distance to the object fire fighting can be split up, and even turned away by powerful turbulent heat flows, while the art. shots can easily deliver ammunition and spray directly at the center of fire. For art. shots do not amount to much trouble the destruction of the glass elements (protective and decorative exterior panels, window glass), while the water jet from a fire barrel and can not cope with this zadachey.V if extinguishing a fire in a tall building from a helicopter after a fire barrel (Ka-32A1 ) a powerful top-down flow of air will be much spray jets of water, even at a slight distance to the object. In addition, require a powerful water pump with an individual drive. And all this excess weight and reducing the overall reliability. Fully autonomous fire art. system devoid of these shortcomings. Sufficient compactness and ease of service of art. installation allows the use of a mobile means of relatively small-type helicopters Ka-62, Ka-226. In doing so, it is possible to prompt delivery 3-4 operational firefighters in full gear on the roof of the building so that it is immediately after the shooting of water shells and localization fire would proceed to an advanced stage of fire fighting or helped in the evacuation of staff to approach the main forces. In a crisis, fire-fighting helicopter can arrange an emergency evacuation and transfer of the remaining people on the roofs of neighboring buildings (eg, when blocking passage down). With the mass introduction of fire-fighting technology in large cities, using art. systems based on the helicopters need to be building a training ground for the development of the activities of all fire (fire fighting, evacuation of people.) Ideally, for this has come to an old high-rise, standing in isolation. But most likely no one will be and therefore need to build a layout - a fragment of floor at a height of 20-30 m. This is quite sufficient for the development of the podleta, shooting ammunition, as well as to analyze the action of water ordnance on the target and test new models of fire equipment . In the training process must be included an element of depth extinguishing when shooting water munitions produced several helicopters either simultaneously or in mnogozahodnoy series. It also must be worked by high-speed loading of munitions on board the helicopter with the interim storage and concerted action with the fire brigade, inside zdaniya.Odin issue, which inevitably (sooner or later) will be asked after reading the article: "And it might be eliminated or minimize the effects of the events of September 11? " A rather complicated issue. I think that is likely to prevent the collapse of World Trade Center buildings still would not have even with a large number of fire-fighting helicopters with specialized warheads on hydrocarbons. Still, 120 tons of aviation kerosene - this is very serious. Moreover, they were distributed throughout the floor area, not only from the edge. In addition, there has been extensive destruction of the bearing structures of the inertial mass of the building the plane. But it is still a chance that could have significantly reduced the intensity of burning fuel and its devastating impact on the building remains (approximately 10-20%). All the same we will keep in mind that the events of September 11 - sverhekstremalnoe this event, which in the future is unlikely. The new terrorist threat may incur a local nature in the form of helicopters, bombs or small-sized aircraft and unmanned LA. And in this case, deployed helicopter fire fighting system can adequately oppose any small-scale terrorist acts. The proposed scheme is higher than high-rise firefighting in buildings with a series of helicopters and specialized art. facilities is unparalleled in performance and cost. Production of Art. installation and related ammunition, you can create almost any specialized defense-related industries. In doing so, the expected cost of production will be extremely low, which will facilitate broad implementation of this technology in fire and life (including those for ground fire services). It is safe to say that the weapons - the most humane weapon in mire.Sleduet also highlight and a high export potential of this development, because defined the problem quite seriously and has no alternative at this time permits. / "TRAKTAT the reduction of entropy, vol II, issue number 80 / |