| Passenger pipelines - (THE FUTURE OF TRANSPORTATION |
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| Written by Юрий РужинÑкий | |
| Wednesday, 02 April 2008 | |
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Transferred via translate.google.com
moiidei.com
general concept Traditional modes of transport (road, rail, air) during the long years of development closer to its ideal condition, and nearly exhausted the scope for further improvement. However, the global growth of population, migration and strong economic and social processes of making entirely new requirements for passenger transport modes, which now can not be met fully, and in the very near future, will serve as a powerful deterrent in the development of a nation or even region. Requires new technical solutions that would be best to have decided the whole range of problems (speed, range and cost of transportation, one-time investment, intellectual and technological components, etc.). European train magnetic levitation «Transrapid» because of its extremely high cost and features of operation has not received further development, a French high-speed TGV train for a variety of reasons can not become a mass means of transport (especially - for developing countries). However, from all existing modes of transport for passenger traffic was not in any way, only pipeline. And it is highly unreasonable and unfair! Pipelines has already proved its high efficiency in the long-distance transportation of massive quantities of oil and gas. Now is the turn for passazhirov.Na first glance it might seem somewhat frightening procedure «transfer» of people on the pipeline (in fact, people - not oil!). In fact, the process will remind pnevmopochtu the mid-nineteenth century. A passenger in the future pipeline could become the most massive, simple, reliable and popular mode of transport. The project is to pass through pipes with diameter of about 800 mm non-contact way to special capsule with people at a speed of about 150 km / h. The driving element is a linear elektrodvigatel.Peredvizhenie capsules in a tube at an early stage in the dispersal at the station through the motors given by the external accelerating wheels. Then (after a certain speed dialing) - electromagnetic coils, solenoids, installed at a certain distance from each other across the road and after a storage capacitors sequentially, as they pass by a capsule. Contactless method of pulse motion based on a variety of induction motor, when a vicious spiral, which is located in the capsule, pushed in the region with a smaller value of the magnetic field formed by electromagnetic coils. Such a scheme is still at the beginning of the last century suggested O'Neill for the so-called «Mass-driver», for ejection from the lunar surface of a large number of veschestva.Posle capsule set its maximum speed at the expense of aerodynamic lubrication (air wedge, like the oil in the bearings Klin crankshaft engine) it «emerging» in the pipe. In the case of an emergency stop on the highway capsule has a radial sliding bearing kolesa.I although electromagnetic system in principle can easily disperse the capsule up to 500 km / h, should be limited to a reasonable speed to 150-200 km / h due to the curvature of a certain pipe, following the curves of terrain and also mindful of the dramatic increase in air resistance with increasing linear velocity (and therefore - and the cost of travel) kapsuly.Shovnaya line pipe, made of low-alloy steel (thickness 0,3-0,8 mm), would have sufficient strength, ease, technological production and operational reliability at low financial cost. Bearing in mind that the main transport systems in the future may be the length of a few million km, the cost of one km pipe line goes to the fore. Feature is that, at the march route aerosmazke through direct contact between the tube and the capsule is absent. Capsule like flies in a few pressed air stream, the limited diameter of the pipe. Maintenance of capsules in suspension (compensation of gravitational and lateral, centrifugal force) by means of a controlled nose fairing with a specific aerodynamic shape, as well as through managed annular deflectors along the capsule. This particular requirements for accuracy and speed of command and executive mechanisms of aerodynamic control surfaces, which would require a powerful on-board kompyuter.Diametr transport pipes of 800 mm is selected so that the average person build (weight - 80 kg, height - 1, 75 m) was able to comfortably fit in the transport capsule, but that in turn (along with all the equipment) - in line pipe. In doing so, achieved a record weight characteristics of the TC, previously unattainable for any type of modern transport. Thus, it is assumed that aluminum capsule with all internal units will weigh less than 100 kg and the ratio of TC + passengers (luggage) will be 1:1, while at the Railway 1:15, for a car (1 pers. ) 1:12. Of course, that the project trunk pipeline transport simply inconceivable without wide international cooperation. Moreover, this type of transport best suited to the role and international. The project will require a huge material resources, and global research and development. On the complexity of the project is at the level of air transport (with the seeming simplicity of the external), as would require an entirely new approach to systems management and energy, materials, logistics and economics. Estimated cost of travel in a capsule would be comparable to more expensive road transport and railway transport, which, for example, Ukraine is the Endowment (through freight). Nevertheless, the pipeline in most cases will simply bezalternativen. So what holds the benefits to all nammagistralny pipeline passenger transport? 1. The high average speed of movement, equal to 150-200 km / h, which is much higher than not only a road or railway transport, but even comparable to the aircraft (because of the trip to the airport and back, time for paperwork and receipt of baggage, delayed flights on the climatic reasons, air strikes, etc.). 2. High individuality pipeline, regardless of the schedule and time of day, the lack of intermediate stops and the need for reservation of seats, moving along the shortest route optimized. 3. Complete independence from external factors (weather and climatic conditions, condition of road surface, the physical condition of the driver, etc.). 4. Extremely low cost of 1 km of trunk pipeline route, which is several orders of magnitude lower than that of the railway or road transport. 5. Pipeline passenger traffic significantly reduce the environmental burden on the environment (emissions of harmful substances, noise, linear dimensions, etc.). 6. Very high throughput pipeline, which would ideally be (one tube) to 15,000 people a day, a real service - up to 6-8 thousand people per day. And all this with a tube diameter of 800 mm! If you use the package location of pipelines (for 4-10 threads in each direction), as well as multi-capsule, the bandwidth would be just fantastic (up to 1,5-2 million person / day)! 7. Slow traffic accident rate comparable to the railway passenger transport. Minimizing the human factor at the expense of almost complete automation of all processes. 8. The high degree of unification of all elements and nodes (incomparable with other modes of transport), allowing them to develop mass production with the use of international co-operation, which dramatically reduce the cost and improve the final quality. 9. The long term operation, depending mainly only on the number of past capsules, while the roads are not such a tough subject, and often are destroyed by natural factors (rain, frost, sun). 10. Low alienable area of land along the route. The possibility of laying pipelines along the lines of automobiles and railway roads, or even above them. 11. Ability «proshivaniya» rocks, as well as underground and underwater targets at least cost. 12. The possibility of a rest (sleep) in a capsule during a lengthy motion, as well as the possibility of fast motion at any time of day dramatically reduces the need for a ticket. Moreover, the move will be beneficial for long distances at night (8-10 hours), and to sleep, and arrive the morning of the desired point. 13. Uniformity of passengers arriving at the destination station and its predictability (eg, summer resorts on the south) will provide a more easily and efficiently handle and distribute on the future course of humanity without a peak. Weaknesses truboprovodnyhtransportnyh trunk systems include: 1. Inability to travel to the mode of transport is very high or obese people, as well as suffering from claustrophobic. 2. Need offline (backup) power supply because of non-occurrence of the system. 3. The need for multiple overlapping and protection software, and of workstations and servers administration. 4. Trunk System require a high-voltage power supply to the mandatory use of solenoids superconductors. 5. The need for reduction or complete destruction of elastic cable suspension resonance and harmonic vibrations with the motion of capsules in a tube, as well as compensation of lateral forces acting on the pipe (wind, glaciation, snow cover, the wreckage of trees, thermal expansion-contraction, spiral torsion, and so etc.). 6. The requirement of high culture for the production of the entire transport system (production, installation, maintenance). 7. Rather complex and cumbersome construction of the portals (receiving stations), as well as raznovektornyh interchanges requiring large land, and related engineering and technical infrastructure to ensure that, in principle, offset by very low (in comparison) cost of running the Field km route. 8. Inability to stop in small towns (rural settlement). 9. The complexity of the evacuation of passengers from the pipeline in extreme cases. The need for interim construction accident (technological) portals with large distances between cities (main portal). 10. Sufficiently complex and challenging site decay (entrance) to the track (arrows), which takes into account a high speed. 11. In the first years of operation of pipeline transport is a constant need to prove to potential passengers of the safety of traffic in the pipe and the security screening of powerful electromagnetic pulse. Future traffic flows: 1. Multi-annular flow Delhi - Bombay - Madras - Calcutta - Delhi (India) - 5,400 km 2. Multilevel flow Guangzhou - Shanghai - Tian Jin - Beijing (China) - 2,300 km 3. Multilevel flow Shanghai - Wuhan - Chongqing - Chengdu (China) - 1,600 km 4. Ottawa - New York - Washington (Canada - United States) - 650 km 5. Melbourne - Canberra - Brisbane (Australia) - 1,500 km 6. Fukuoka - Tokyo (Japan) - 1.050 km 7. European Northern Corridor (Spain - France - Germany - Poland - Russia) - 4.000 km 8. European Southern Corridor (France - Austria - Hungary - Romania - Bulgaria - Turkey) - 2.600 km 9. African Corridor (Tripoli - Addis Ababa - Mogadishu - Dar-es-Salaam - Durban - Cape Town) - 10,000 km The capacity of countries to implement magistralnyhtruboprovodnyh passenger transport systems (both within the country, approximately): 1. Japan - 100% 2. China - 95% 3. Central Europe - 80% 4. United States - 75% 5. South Korea - 65% 6. Australia - 65% 7. Canada - 50% 8. India - 45% 9. Russia - 25% 10. Latin America - 25% 11. Ukraine - 20% 12. Africa - 12% 13. Central Asia - 8% / "TRAKTAT the reduction of entropy, vol II, issue number 4 / |