With a sharp U-closing valves - feed-pipe started to vibrate strongly and with all the weak links booed - siphon water. 

 All this points to the fact that the tube was increased much pressure? Grappled with this physical phenomenon, a mechanical engineer created a pumping device which he called "hydraulic ram" working offline, superseding (hydraulic motor and pump) - in 1794. I recall that it creates a real technical device, but does not describe the principle, law, tenet of his rise to ..., that's all the further development and stopped. (Perhaps influenced by the "veto", which in 1752 the French Academy of Sciences has imposed on this type of device, and said they classified as "perpetual motion machines» (Perpetum Mobilе) hydraulic ram and there was adopted and now - in a limited application. 

 And only a hundred years later, again "accident" caused people to need to address the technical challenges posed by human existence! One of the features of the "new" in that it is not usual - not ... The everyday, for habitual is not surprising, since it was not difficult. Thus, learning something new, we are aware and are getting used to, losing the ability to correctly judge how difficult a path to success and how useful its results. I recall that when creating a locomotive on rails "road" existed a lack of faith: "he locomotive will roll along the smooth tracks, and yes even drag a heavy load - cars ... and the other was in disbelief that, as you can stop him Smooth rails - but all this has long been over and accustomed. Once again I remind you that great faith in the ability of the desire to solving the mystery man, always moved and will move to what is hidden behind a veil of unknown great wealth - the needs for the needs of men! 

 This is not vanity, therefore, is the level of human consciousness - it is invisible inner instinctive excitement, passing into mental illness. Only individual human consciousness determines the development of the surrounding life. Acceleration of this - is densely populated places. It was generated by the case of the need to increase the water pump house at Alexis, in the village Alekseevskoe, near Moscow. 

 When replacing old Mytischenskogo water - 500,000 gallons per day. The German firm has created a more robust water supply - Moscow. 

 When operating a new water supply revealed the unknown physical and mechanical phenomenon - a puff of cast iron pipes (wall thickness of 8 mm.), With unexplained static parameters in the pipeline, ie pressure of 2 atm. H = 20m. and the rate of discharge of water from the pipes of 3 m / sec .. Test was conducted on the static pressure at which a gust of cast iron pipes. 

 The results were stunning, ie cast-iron water pipes bursting at 40 am, H = 400 m, in the presence of static pressure in the water 2 at, where and how taken a huge destructive force? 

 Numerous studies specialist construction firms yielded no positive explanations. Intractable situation forced the leadership of the German construction company to apply to Moscow University professor, member - correspondent of the Academy of Sciences, NE Zhukovsky. With the agreement of Zhukovsky they carried out experiments and research on Alexis pump house (within two years). 

 Studies NE Zhukovsky presented to the Academy on May 13 1898 .. In general, they were made by the conclusion of the principle and the law, explaining the emergency situation in the water pipes in the formation and operation of water hammer. And there were presents methods and devices for protection against accidents during the hydraulic shock, which are widely used, and sow the day, and will be used more (fully explain the principles of creation and the work of "ram", ie, pumping installation, created in 1794g. ). 

 Based on the theory of hydraulic impact of Zhukovsky, make clarifications - the phenomenon of sharp changes in fluid pressure caused by the instantaneous change in the rate of its expiration in the nutrient pipeline. Increased pressure in hydraulic impact is determined in accordance with the theory of NE Joukowsky formula Dp = p (V0 - V1) * c, where Dp - increase the pressure in N / m , p - fluid density in kg / m , V0 and V1 - the average velocity in the pipe before and after the closure of valves in m / s - velocity of sound in water (1425 m / s), and - the velocity of water hammer wave in the pipe (depending on the material and thickness of the pipe from 900 to 1270 m / s). 

 Theory of water hammer developed NE Zhukovsky, to promote technical progress in hydraulic engineering, engineering and other industries. As far as the theory of water hammer is a natural physical phenomenon explains the similarity with the work of the human heart and primates: it creates a "water hammer", sending the blood through the arteries, pipe. Blood, like water, nearly incompressible, but the elasticity of the walls of the arteries - is comparable to the rubber hoses that blow (pulse) propagates relatively slowly: pushing with one hand to the carotid artery (neck), and another - to the wrist, it is easy to notice him delay. If the walls of the arteries were completely rigid (as a cast-iron pipes), the speed of the pulse would reach nearly 1.5 km / sec, and blood ran through all the arteries of the person for the time = one thousandth of a second. Returning to the theory N.E Zhukovsky of hydraulic shock, or rather - hammer wave, tenet is that the speed of propagation of the wave in the fluid is comparable to the speed of sound in water, ie is the end result (1425 m / s) and taking into account the deformation of the tube walls and the pipe diameter was determined D. Korteweg correction in%, ie pipe wall thickness divided by the diameter of the pipe, characterized as no more than% Korteweg amendment, the lower the speed in m / s hammer wave .... (This gives ample opportunity to change the speed hammer wave in the useful purposes). And so in a cast-iron pipe in the light Korteweg amendment, the rate of water hammer wave in the pipe = 1270 m / sec. 

 For clarity and comparison, this rate of military jet interceptor = 4572 km / h, is about four velocity of sound in air, and it was found a physical phenomenon that causes an accident - the destruction of an aircraft fuselage, called a "flatter" - flutter, (which was technically eliminated ). In the simplest form calculations NE Zhukovsky looked like this: let p - the pressure at the valve, c - speed of sound in water, S - sectional area of pipe (W * h  = ø pipe-cm ²), f - fluid density V - velocity of water from the pipe ends - the tap. The flow slowed down force pressure S * p, by Newton's second law the momentum of this force for the time equal to the change of fluid motion: Spt = SeVct, ilip = eVc. Thus (to the case of Alexis pump) at a speed V = 3m / s pressure increased by 40 am (H = 400m) - pressure of emergency, ie 40kg/sm ², if the pipe diameter ø = 100 mm, the pressure or impulse will be equal (at a speed of 30m / s - the rate is significant. 430at will be equal to (H = 4300m), ie 430 kg / cm ². In practice, this pressure feed - static pressure = 8 atm (H = 80m) - may increase the pressure on 1 cm ² = 420 atm. (H = 4200m ???). Eureka! I found a way to create alternative energy, corresponding to the mutual humanity of Energy with Nature! Eternal, like the earth itself, as well as environmentally friendly as its primordial life - flora and fauna! remains to solve technical "problem" and create a technical device "... 

 Terms of the technical problem, the creation of alternative energy as follows: 1. The work on renewable energy resources instead of - wood, coal, gas, ethanol, uranium, etc., that is, water. 2. Getting the mechanical, electrical and thermal energy - due to friction of the water. 3. In a closed cycle of the corresponding mutual humanity of Energy with Nature. 4. Since the final product instead of waste CO2, toxic and nuclear wastes to obtain the final product withdrawal O3 - Ozone. 

 

 Terms of technological devices, to the creation of alternative energy as follows: 

 1. Full autonomy, without any kind and the additional energy from outside. 

 2. Full vicious cycle of work on renewable energy - water-solution. 

 3. Without any kind and harmful - the final products, final waste. 

 4. The main principles when creating technical - energy devices should be: nanotechnology, pollution control and full protection of the environment. The corresponding mutual humanity of Energy with Nature, manifesting themselves, the global stabilizer health of humanity on planet Earth! 

 

 Author: Alexander Tarelkin.